home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Xref: sparky talk.philosophy.misc:2423 sci.philosophy.tech:4065
- Path: sparky!uunet!sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!europa.asd.contel.com!emory!ogicse!psgrain!hippo!shrike.und.ac.za!pc13.superbowl.und.ac.za!spurrett
- From: spurrett@superbowl.und.ac.za (David Spurrett)
- Newsgroups: talk.philosophy.misc,sci.philosophy.tech
- Subject: FREE WILL 2: Neither a Determinist nor an Indeterminist be.
- Message-ID: <spurrett.37.721583229@superbowl.und.ac.za>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 15:47:09 GMT
- Article-I.D.: superbow.spurrett.37.721583229
- Organization: University Of Natal (Durban)
- Lines: 70
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pc13.superbowl.und.ac.za
-
- FREE WILL 2: Neither a Determinist nor an Indeterminist be.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | This posting is part of a series of monomaniac diatribes. Please |
- | email if you want to follow anything up, or want copies of any of the |
- | other postings, or a listing of those posted so far, and others still |
- | in preparation. In particular those reluctant to get into another of |
- | the long inconclusive discussion which plague the net are invited to |
- | email me. |
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- SUMMARY: A argument that _neither_ determinism nor indeterminism can
- sustain the pheomenon of human action is offered. The argument is indebted
- to Chisholm and Anscombe, and considers two different concepts of causality.
-
- ---oOo---
-
- There has been a lot of hot air (some of it mine) on `free will' and
- determinism, in the course of which letting off it has been periodically
- pointed out that indeterminism, or randomness, has nothing to do with `free
- will' either, and indeed that nobody could possibly be held responsible for
- an `act' which was the result of a random cause.
-
- These arguments have usually been offered as a _reductio_ad_absurdum_ of
- either incompatibilism, or of voluntarism in general. The arguments all
- have a hidden assumption: That the class of ways things can be is exhaus-
- tively divisible into deterministic and indeterministic (with randomness).
- In some cases the world is held to be a bit of both, eg with deterministic
- macro phenomena and indeterministic micro, but no other alternative is con-
- sidered. This is made worse by the unecessary habit of assuming that `every
- event has a cause' (which we can call the `Principle of Universal Causa-
- tion')is equivalent to determinism, which is not the case.
-
- Determinism holds that the way the future will be is already decided,
- while the Principle of Universal Causation holds that the way the future
- will be will be caused by things which exist and happen before it. I will
- get back to this in a moment, but want to look briefly at `free will.'
-
- Voluntarism (the thesis that we `have' free will, or are free. or
- whatever) holds that we _choose_ our actions, that we cause them to take
- place, _AND_ that we are capable of acting other than we do in at least some
- cases. It is in these cases that we are responsible.
-
- It is clear the `possibility for being otherwise' condition is in-
- compatible with determinism. It is equally clear that tha condition that we
- be the authors of our own actions, that our actions follow from our desires,
- and choices, is incompatible with indeterminism. Therefore _unless_ there
- is some other option besides determinism / indeterminism
- _voluntarism_is_impossible_.
-
- Here is one other option: Immanent causation. (The term is medieval,
- and the opposite term is `transeunt' causation.) An event is immanently
- caused where it is caused by a thing, rather than another event. This
- means that the event is caused, but could not have been predicted. The
- `thing' which does the causing we could call the `agent' and the causing
- could be a way of its exercising its power.
-
- I would be reluctant call this `free will', which I think is a ridiculous
- term, but feel that morality, responsibility in general, and the phenomenon
- of agency are far better satisfied by a view such as this, than by either
- determinism or indeterminism. It allows many things which are problematic
- under determinism to happen, for example for us to act contrary to our
- desires, and has no problems of its own which are not problems for causality
- in general.
-
- o------------------------------------------o------------------------------o
- | David Spurrett, Department of Philosophy | `I have seen the truth, and |
- | University of Natal, Durban | it makes no sense.' |
- | email: spurrett@superbowl.und.ac.za | - OFFICIAL! |
- o------------------------------------------o------------------------------o
-