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- Path: sparky!uunet!newsstand.cit.cornell.edu!vax5.cit.cornell.edu!njzy
- From: njzy@vax5.cit.cornell.edu (T. Joseph Lazio, Cornell University)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Re: The Big Picture
- Message-ID: <1992Nov12.090452.15885@vax5.cit.cornell.edu>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 09:04:52 EST
- References: <1041@dgaust.dg.oz>
- Followup-To: sci.space
- Distribution: sci
- Organization: Cornell University
- Lines: 71
-
- In article <1041@dgaust.dg.oz>,
- young@wattle.dg.oz (Philip Young) writes:
- > Given our propensity to fling hardware into the heavens, and our desire
- > to get a good handle on what's very old and far away, has anybody done
- > any serious investigation of the possibility of tacking astronomical eyes
- > on craft headed for interstellar space which would be suitable for
- > verrrrrrrrrrrry long baseline interferometry? We're not just talking
- > Earth orbit here. Seems to me we have the clocks, the computers, the
- > comms. What would be the shortest frequency we could realistically
- > deal with? Could costs be contained with a standardized, shrink-wrapped
- > observatory package? What might we discover with a (radio?) telescope
- > whose effective diameter increases 10E+4 km/sec or more for the forseeable
- > future?
-
- I haven't looked into some of the technical details you mention, so
- I'll comment on the scientific and historic.
-
- Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) with space based telescopes
- has been done with a TDRSS satellite. Both the former Soviet Union
- and Japan had/have projects, RadioAstron and VSOP, respectively, to
- do VLBI from satellites. Also there is a project in Italy and the
- U.S. (still on the drawing board) called SETIsail which would use a
- solar sail as a radio telescope.
-
- There are two major scientific hurdles. First, there must be something
- to see. Interferometers act as filters: Objects smaller than the
- resolving power of the instrument are broadened and objects more
- extended than the angular size to which the smallest baseline is
- sensitive will not be seen. This last property is peculiar to
- interferometers. What it means is that if you have two antennas,
- one on the ground and one a distance 1 A.U. away, in order for the
- interferometer to see anything, there must be astronomical objects
- whose angular size is about
- wavelength/baseline
-
- where baseline = 1 A.U. If there are no astronomical objects with
- angular sizes less than or about this size, the interferometer will
- detect nothing.
-
- Second, one must take into account interstellar scintillation (ISS).
- ISS is like astronomical seeing at visible wavelengths, it broadens
- the angular size of objects. ISS could be (probably is) the
- limiting factor in determining the angular size of objects. ISS
- is neat though, in that there are ways of exploiting it to mock up
- large baselines (~ 1 A.U.) and there are hints that on these size
- of baselines one could resolve pulsar magnetospheres.
-
- Thus, we have problems with VVLBI (Very, Very Long Baseline Interferometry).
- ISS results in a lower limit to the angular size of radio sources,
- interferometers cannot detect anything larger than the minimum
- fringe spacing, so there may not be anything to see. Even without
- ISS, there are hints that pulsar magnetospheres (probably the most
- compact astronomical source known) could be resolved with 1 A.U.
- baselines. Hence, baselines substantially larger than this are probably
- not worthwhile.
-
- There is one caveat; one hypothetical radio source would be more
- compact than pulsar magnetospheres: radio telescopes on another
- planet. Hence, with a VVLBI, one could use the filtering power
- of the interferometer to screen out all known astronomical sources
- and anything left over would be, by definition, an artifical source.
-
- --
- T. Joseph Lazio | Why relativity? and Why
- 514 Space Sciences | turbulence? I really believe
- Ithaca, NY 14853-6801 | [God] will have an answer for the
- (607) 255-6420 | first [question].
- lazio@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu | -- W. Heisenberg, on his death bed
- ICBM: |
- 42 deg. 20' 08" N | STOP RAPE
- 76 deg. 28' 48" W |
-