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- Newsgroups: sci.space
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- From: dbriggs@zia.aoc.nrao.edu (Daniel Briggs)
- Subject: Re: The Big Picture
- Message-ID: <1992Nov11.140622.8837@zia.aoc.nrao.edu>
- Organization: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro NM
- References: <1041@dgaust.dg.oz>
- Date: Wed, 11 Nov 92 14:06:22 GMT
- Lines: 57
-
- In article <1041@dgaust.dg.oz>
- young@wattle.dg.oz (Philip Young) writes:
- >Given our propensity to fling hardware into the heavens, and our desire
- >to get a good handle on what's very old and far away, has anybody done
- >any serious investigation of the possibility of tacking astronomical eyes
- >on craft headed for interstellar space which would be suitable for
- >verrrrrrrrrrrry long baseline interferometry? We're not just talking
- >Earth orbit here. Seems to me we have the clocks, the computers, the
- >comms. What would be the shortest frequency we could realistically
- >deal with? Could costs be contained with a standardized, shrink-wrapped
- >observatory package? What might we discover with a (radio?) telescope
- >whose effective diameter increases 10E+4 km/sec or more for the forseeable
- >future?
-
- Well, I don't know of any serious investigation into this, but I can think
- of at least a few problems that are going to be very tough to beat.
- Basically, sensitivity is going to be the limiting factor. First of all,
- the existing space VLBI projects are designed around 10m class antennas,
- and they are none too sensitive. With antenna, receivers, electronics and
- maybe a maser, you're talking about a full sized mission right there. It's
- not anything you're going to tack onto a mission that happens to be going
- in that direction. (If you want to timeshare the main antenna between
- earth communications and observing, you'll need an onboard maser and a very
- high density tape recorder to record the astronomical signals. If you send
- up the "local" oscillator from earth, you'll need two big antennas on the
- spacecraft.) And of course, there's the question of bandwidth on the comm
- link, never mind the LO. Normal earthbound VLBI stations typically record
- the order of hundreds of kilobits per second or more, and it's this
- bandwidth that is typically the limiting factor in such systems. This
- isn't the sort of data you're going to send over a 300 baud link to a
- Voyager style spacecraft out beyond Pluto. There's also the fact that we
- don't know that there is going to be anything to see on au scale baselines.
- Essentially, interferometers are blind to emission distributed on a scale
- larger than lambda/baseline. So as the baseline gets longer, more and more
- of the flux resolves out. One of the OVLBI missions currently in the works
- plans to extend the orbit to 10 earth radii. It may or may not see
- anything on those size scales, assuming that it ever flies in the first
- place. Multiple au baselines are definitely dicey! Finally, you'll
- eventually run up against scattering disk caused by propagation thought the
- interstellar medium. It's a direct analog to visual seeing. We can
- already see this effect looking at maser spots towards the Galactic center.
- Out of the plane of the galaxy the FWHM of the seeing disk is .0015 l^2 /
- sqrt(|sin(b)|) milliarcseconds, where l is the wavelength in cm, and b is
- the galactic latitude. At the longer wavelengths, the existing OVLBI
- missions will be flirting with these limits. At 100 GHz, which is fairly
- tough even from the ground at the moment, you're limited to about
- 1 microarcsecond, which is only a baseline of .003 au, or 80 earth radii.
-
- So depressing as the thought may be, we couldn't even begin to mount an
- au scale VLBI mission at the moment, and if we could, it wouldn't tell us
- a whole lot since we can't see through the ISM.
-
- --
- | Daniel Briggs (dbriggs@nrao.edu) | USPA B-14993
- | New Mexico Tech / National Radio Astronomy Observatory | DoD #387
- | P.O. Box O / Socorro, NM 87801 (505) 835-7391 |
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