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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!decwrl!concert!uvaarpa!murdoch!helga9.acc.Virginia.EDU!rbw3q
- From: rbw3q@helga9.acc.Virginia.EDU (Robert B. Whitehurst)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Re: Russian Engines for DC-Y?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov5.055945.28439@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>
- Date: 5 Nov 92 05:59:45 GMT
- Article-I.D.: murdoch.1992Nov5.055945.28439
- References: <17142@mindlink.bc.ca>
- Sender: usenet@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU
- Organization: University of Virginia
- Lines: 54
-
- In article <17142@mindlink.bc.ca> Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) writes:
- >> Brad Whitehurst writes:
- >>
- >> Av. Week had a second article on the NPO RD-701, a tri-fuel
- >> engined which burns kerosene, LOX, and LH2, with continuously variable
- >> fuel transition from kerosene to LH2. Is this to customize the rocket
- >> performance as a function of altitude, load, etc.? The thrust figures
- >> for all kerosene were significantly higher than with pure LH2.
- >
- >
- > This makes the RD-701 a "tripropellant" engine. Numerous design
-
- Oops, yes "tripropellant", not fuel. Brain was not fully
- engaged. :-)
-
- >studies done in the US have shown that using a tripropellant engine can lower
- >the dry mass of SSTO vehicle by a modest amount. The engine uses mainly
- >kerosene/LOX during the early part of the flight, when specific impulse is
- >not so important, and thrust and propellant density is very important. Later
- >in the flight, the engine switches to LH2/LOX because specific impulse
- >becomes more important than thrust level and propellant density.
- > The upper stages of multi-stage vehicles or the later parts of SSTO
- >flights are critically dependant on specific impulse, because all the
- >propellant for these sections of the flight has to be boosted to several
- >thousand meters per second before use. If a given lower stage can only boost
- >say 100 tons of propellant to say 6000 meters per second, then it is far more
- >useful to have 100 tons of LH2/LOX than 100 tons of kerosene/LOX at this
- >velocity. Propellant burned however at the beginning of a flight does not
- >have to be boosted through any great velocity increment and its specific
- >impulse therefore is not too important. However for an SSTO vehicle, the
- >tank for the early-burn propellant still has to be boosted all the way to
- >orbit, therefore it pays to have a dense propellant combination. In this
- >case, kerosene/LOX wins over LH2/LOX.
- > The design studies generally show about a 20 to 25% reduction in dry
- >mass by using a tripropellant engine in an SSTO. However, this reduction
- >comes at the price of a 50% increase in the number of propellant tanks,
- >piping systems, valves, and turbopumps, as well as the need for a complicated
- >combustion chamber and/or nozzle arrangement to handle the two fuels. The
- >Aerojet Corp. did a number of design studies on a "dual expander"
- >propane/LH2/LOX engine, but to my knowledge never built such an engine.
- >--
- >Bruce Dunn Vancouver, Canada Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca
-
- The interesting thing about this article was that it said that
- the RD-701 used only two turbopumps, with the LOX and kerosene being
- pumped by one, and the LH2 by the other. I read it quickly, so I
- might have this wrong, but that sounds rather intriguing. Is
- fuel/oxidizer premixed in other engines? They said the kerosene could
- be throttled back simultaneously with throttle up of the LH2. Sounds
- like a real trick to me! I gotta go read it again tomorrow...
- --
-
- Brad Whitehurst | Aerospace Research Lab
- rbw3q@Virginia.EDU | We like it hot...and fast.
-