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- From: hawk@iastate.edu (John D Hawkinson)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
- Subject: Re: Kamiokande and BYU experiments
- Summary: portland cement as a radiation shield
- Keywords: cold fusion, radiation detection, background radiation
- Message-ID: <BxL58w.5x@news.iastate.edu>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 04:17:20 GMT
- Article-I.D.: news.BxL58w.5x
- References: <1992Nov11.101727.189@physc1.byu.edu>
- Sender: John D. Hawkinson
- Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Lines: 82
-
- I remember cement was a problem when doing low-level counting work...in fact,
- we usually kept the stuff away from our detectors....
-
- Here's a reference I hope might help shed some light on the subject:
- "Radioactivity in Consumer Products", NUREG/CP-0001, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
- Commission, August 1978. The specific sections are:
-
- p. 332-343, "Radioactivity in Building Materials" and
- p. 351-368, "Radiation Exposure from Construction Materials Utilizing Byproduct
- Gypsum from Phosphate Mining".
-
- In article <1992Nov11.101727.189@physc1.byu.edu> jonesse@physc1.byu.edu writes:
-
- [everything not related to cement deleted -jdh]
-
- >(3) Cement experiment
- >We have found a clear random neutron emission from the portland cement mixed
- >with D2O at the level of 1X10-3 neutrons/second, which is, however, difficult
- >to explain based on radioactivity contamination in the cement, though more
- >data are clearly needed. [Signal is about ten times the sensitivity level.]
-
- I assume you're primarily concerned with the fissile materials, since they're
- the ones that can decay through spontaneous fission? Wollenberg & Smith gave
- values of 1.1 pCi/gm U-238 and 0.4 pCi/gm Th-232 for cements in general.
-
- Cements utilizing byproduct gypsum from phosphate mining are even more
- "interesting". Phosphate ore in the U.S. has concentrations of uranium and
- thorium. When phosphatic fertilizers are produced, a large amount of phospho-
- gypsum is formed as a byproduct. About 20% of all phosphogypsum produced
- (1975 data) goes into PORTLAND CEMENT.
-
- Phosphogypsum from Florida phosphates contains on average, 33 pCi/gm of
- Ra-226, 6 pCi/gm U-238 and 13 pCi/gm Th-230. Idaho-produced phosphogypsum
- has 23 pCi/gm Ra-226...I don't have any numbers on U or Th, although the
- proportions should be similar (I _think_ ).
-
- >(4) More study
- >Several more data on teh portland cement + D2O are to be analyzed. A system-
- >atic study of radioactive impurities in all the samples is underway. The
- >final results critically depend on these studies and will be reported soon.
-
- I wonder if you might have to do a Monte Carlo simulation of the system, as
- well...I hate to suggest it, because it's a *good* way of burning up an
- enormous amount of computer time...
-
- >
- >As I have reported at recent scientific conferences, further studies on cement
- >+D2O at Kamiokande and in the BYU tunnel lab continue to show a "clear random
- >neutron emission" while the cement is curing (not after heat-curing). The
- >cement+H2O samples show no signal in four tries. We have transported these
- >cement+D2O studies to Provo from Kamiokande for two main reasons: 1- The
- >neutron (clearly not gamma) signal from the curing cement is sufficiently
- >large to interfere with neutrino measurements in the Kamiokande, so we looked
- >for another facility to pursue the path; 2- the Kamiokande is sensitive to
- >thermalized neutrons, and therefore to neutrons from (a particular concern)
- >deuteron photodisintegration induced by gammas from daughters such as thallium
- >208. We have made an extensive study of this question (along with fission
- >neutrons and d(alpha,n) reactions) in the Provo Tunnel, and have not found
- >a fitting conventional explanation. Moreover, we have a detector which
- >discriminates against the low-energy photodisintegration neutrons, and yet
- >the signal from fast-setting cement + D2O is seen in Provo. Clearly, we
- >will not abandon the path as we have searched diligently for years for a
- >reliable neutron producer. We are attempting to isolate the reaction(s)
- >responsible for the "clear random neutron emission" from setting cement +
- >D2O.
- >Again I stress that the observed signals are very small and in no way support
- >claims of excess heat production in electrolytic cells by nuclear processes.
- >Sincerely,
- >Steven E. Jones
- >BYU
- >
-
- This last point may be worthless but, for what it's worth, the NUREG/CP noted
- (page 338):
-
- "A number of studies have been made, and others are in progress, on the
- emanation of radon from various materials. A few points of interest
- emerge. One is that an increase in the water content of concrete or
- other porous material increases the emenation rate (Auxier, 1974)."
-
- Any speculation as to what impact "radon puffs" from the drying concrete
- might have on the detector setup?
-