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- Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
- Subject: Kamiokande and BYU experiments
- Message-ID: <1992Nov11.101727.189@physc1.byu.edu>
- From: jonesse@physc1.byu.edu
- Date: 11 Nov 92 10:17:26 -0700
- Distribution: world
- Organization: Brigham Young University
- Lines: 93
-
- I would like to set the record straight regarding the recent experiments
- using the Japanese Kamiokande detector and detectors now in operation in
- a tunnel in the Wasatch mountains near the campus of Brigham Young Univer-
- sity. Actually, we are encouraged somewhat by the results in that a small
- (very small - no nuclear "excess heat") seems to be produced, and we think
- the results may be significant in the context of the geological fusion
- hypothesis which the BYU group advanced some years ago.
- Perhaps the fairest way to represent the results of the Kamiokande experiment
- is to quote the Conclusions section of the master's thesis on the subject
- written in 1992 by Taku Ishida. The thesis is widely available due to
- distribution by the University of Tokyo a few months ago, as ICRR-Report-277
- -92-15. I would also be happy to send a copy to interested parties. The
- work is extensive, and it is most unfair to dismiss this as a "negative"
- experiment on cold fusion. Listen to the conclusions which represent the
- current consensus of the collaboration:
- By using the Kamiokande-III detector, the detectable limit of random neutron
- emission is pulled down to 10-4 neutrons per secone level, and the signal to
- noise ratio is much improved than ever. [Note this is the sensitivity level,
- not an upper limit on neutron emissions. A clear random neutron emission
- signal is reported in point 3 below.] Figure 7-1 compares our results with
- others.
- Some burst neutron emissions were observed especialy from the electrolytic
- cells. The event rate (0.06 bursts per hour) was comparable to that of Menlove
- et al (1990), but the maximum multiplicity was only limited to four (source
- neutron of about 11, Fig. 7-2). [Small burst events were seen in the deuterium
- cells, but large bursts were not. The SAME materials used in D2O electrolytic
- cells were loaded with hydrogen, but the small - burst rate was significantly
- slower, so we believe we have ruled out the possibility that this signal is due
- to contamination of radioactive trace materials. We have found no conventional
- explanation after careful and deep probing.]
- (1) Pressurized D2-gas type experiment
- We did not find random neutron emission above background. The flux limit is
- 8.0 X 10-5 neutrons per second at 90% confidence level. But this limit is
- simply deduced from the statistical error of 1311 hours of measurement, and
- is not very meaningful because it is claimed that the neutron emission lasts
- only for several tens of hours. [Note caveat.]
- Burst neutron emission was also searched for and we found 5 bursts with the
- maximum multiplicity of 3. They can only be explained by about 5 p.p.m.
- (micrograms per gram) level uranium contamination in the titanium chips. A
- sample measurement of the same titanium gave the upper limit of 1 ppm for
- uranium contamination (recent measurement, 0.14 ppm in titanium and less than
- 0.01 ppm in stainless steel). We did not find bursts with multiplicity
- higher than 4, and all of the bursts appeared in the normal temperature, not
- during the warmup from the liquid nitrogen temperature, as reported in many
- references.
- (2) Electrolytic cells experiment
- We did not find random neutron activity above background. The flux limit is
- 9.8 X 10-5 neutrons per second for the April set (387 hours) and 5.7 X 10-5
- neutrons per second for the July set (570 hours) at 90% confidence level.
- Again these numbers are not very meaningful if the neutron emission is a
- phenomenon of up to several tens of hours.
- We have observed 9 bursts with maximum multiplicity of 4. The probability
- athat these bursts originate in uranium contamination [ or other contamination,
- since we ran with hydrogen in the same materials] is less than 2 X 10-4,
- probably at the level of 10-6. [Not very likely.] Low statistics of
- background measurement does not allow us to estimate the probability more
- precisely.
-
- (3) Cement experiment
- We have found a clear random neutron emission from the portland cement mixed
- with D2O at the level of 1X10-3 neutrons/second, which is, however, difficult
- to explain based on radioactivity contamination in the cement, though more
- data are clearly needed. [Signal is about ten times the sensitivity level.]
- (4) More study
- Several more data on teh portland cement + D2O are to be analyzed. A system-
- atic study of radioactive impurities in all the samples is underway. The
- final results critically depend on these studies and will be reported soon.
-
- As I have reported at recent scientific conferences, further studies on cement
- +D2O at Kamiokande and in the BYU tunnel lab continue to show a "clear random
- neutron emission" while the cement is curing (not after heat-curing). The
- cement+H2O samples show no signal in four tries. We have transported these
- cement+D2O studies to Provo from Kamiokande for two main reasons: 1- The
- neutron (clearly not gamma) signal from the curing cement is sufficiently
- large to interfere with neutrino measurements in the Kamiokande, so we looked
- for another facility to pursue the path; 2- the Kamiokande is sensitive to
- thermalized neutrons, and therefore to neutrons from (a particular concern)
- deuteron photodisintegration induced by gammas from daughters such as thallium
- 208. We have made an extensive study of this question (along with fission
- neutrons and d(alpha,n) reactions) in the Provo Tunnel, and have not found
- a fitting conventional explanation. Moreover, we have a detector which
- discriminates against the low-energy photodisintegration neutrons, and yet
- the signal from fast-setting cement + D2O is seen in Provo. Clearly, we
- will not abandon the path as we have searched diligently for years for a
- reliable neutron producer. We are attempting to isolate the reaction(s)
- responsible for the "clear random neutron emission" from setting cement +
- D2O.
- Again I stress that the observed signals are very small and in no way support
- claims of excess heat production in electrolytic cells by nuclear processes.
- Sincerely,
- Steven E. Jones
- BYU
-
-