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- From: sciamanda@edinboro.edu
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Some physics questions
- Message-ID: <1992Nov10.173420.9056@edinboro.edu>
- Date: 10 Nov 92 22:34:20 GMT
- References: <ksiew.720770120@munagin>
- Organization: Edinboro University of Pennsylvania
- Lines: 58
-
- In article <ksiew.720770120@munagin>, ksiew@mullian.ee.mu.OZ.AU (steven kok-hsien siew) writes:
- > I have some physics questions which I would like some answers to.
- >
- > 4) Why is the speed of light constant?
- >
- > -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- > The only people who believe that unlimited | Steven Siew tel 03 803 4662
- > growth can take place in a finite system | ksiew@munagin.ee.mu.oz.au
- > are madmen or economists. Spaceship earth: | Don't call me! Gundam me!
- > -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Short answer: The invariance of c is an axiom of Einstein's special theory
- of relativity (1905).
-
- Long answer: This question is really concerned with the matter of how we
- choose (or design) standards for the measurement of space and time intervals.
- It is little appreciated that this is a "catch 22" question:
- One would like to have such standards a priori - for the purpose of
- experimentation (both physical and gedanken) to seek direction in the
- construction of a physical theory; yet one's choices of a standard clock and
- meter stick already presuppose considerable understanding about the behavior
- of matter! Ex: the choice of a standard clock already presupposes a theory
- which will be committed to the conclusion that this particular mechanism ticks
- at a constant rate; logical consistency alone will force the theory to this
- conclusion. Choices among theories and choices among standards are
- inextricably intertwined.
-
- In particular, the choice of a clock defines the parameter "t" which will be
- used as the linear time base for the description of the evolution of
- phenomena. We are comparing the course of all other phenomena to the
- succession of ticks of this clock. Clearly, the choice of standards is a
- matter of definition. The criterion is simply one of usefulness: which
- choices lead to the most "desirable" (you and/or current scientific culture
- must define this word) physical theory? Historically, and logically, this
- is an iterative process, as we see more and more details of where
- the theory is leading.
-
- Einstein was the first to capitalize upon this freedom of choice in a
- radical way. His definition of "desirable" was not mainstream.
- To him the "desirable" theory must preserve the invariance of physical law (in
- particular Maxwell's equations) among inertial observers. He dared to
- re-define the measurement of space and time intervals to make this so.
- One might expect (I'm sure many did) that such a re-definition would force
- irreconcilable weirdities into the theory as it struggled for acceptance.
- The remarkable result has been that the weirdities were only cultural and
- that physical phenomena have become more simply describable, even phenomena
- far removed from Maxwell's equations.
-
- To get back to the original question (finally), Maxwell's equations
- (identical in all inertial frames) predict a definite velocity for E&M
- radiation in vaccuo, without reference to any medium.
-
- Bottom line answer: the speed of light is invariant because we have defined the
- measurement of space and time intervals to make it so!
-
- Bob Sciamanda
- Physics
- Edinboro Univ of PA
-