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- From: Bruce.Scott@launchpad.unc.edu (Bruce Scott)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Campfire and plasma musings
- Message-ID: <1992Nov8.203420.9050@samba.oit.unc.edu>
- Date: 8 Nov 92 20:34:20 GMT
- References: <74055@apple.Apple.COM>
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- Organization: University of North Carolina Extended Bulletin Board Service
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-
- Scott Chase has already posted that a plasma is an ionised gas. That is
- the usual approximation that those of us who do fusion theory take:
- purely ionised gas. But there is more to it that that. The density of
- charged particles must be such that a phenomenon known as "electron
- screening" is important. This means that each particle interacts mostly
- with the electric field set up by all the other particles of the gas.
- Only rarely during the flight of any given particle does it come so
- close to another that direct, two-body electric forces enter play. These
- are the short-lived affairs we call "collisions", and do not actually
- mean that the two particles touched (the plasma collisionality is
- usually much greater than what would obtain if the particles were not
- charged). "Electron screening" means that if I place a test charge in a
- plasma, the background electrons will move in response to the charge's
- own electric field such that the new charge will not feel direct,
- two-body force from any other charge (both positive ions and electrons)
- if it is more than a certain distance away (called the "Debye length",
- after its discoverer). The ensemble is a "plasma" if the number of
- *charges* in a Debye sphere (sphere of radius Debye-length) is large
- compared to 1. This means that there is a lot of screening, and two-body
- forces are dominated by collective effects (a fancy way to say that the
- electric field to which each charge reacts is from the ensemble and not
- from only one or two of the other charges).
-
- Now, I've said "charge" rather than "particle", because in general a
- plasma need not be fully, or even dominantly, charged. Both a flame and
- the glow discharge in a flourescent light are examples in which the
- charge density is very small compared to the neutral density. However,
- there are in both cases enough charges at high enough temperature to
- satisfy the above condition.
-
- In an industrial place like Germany, most plasma research (by number of
- researchers rather than money) is on glow discharges, and most new PhD's
- go to places like Siemens and Phillips.
-
- In a defense-oriented place like the US, most work on things like beam
- physics and high-performance lasers.
-
- Fusion is the wild card, requiring much money (for the big experiments)
- and comparatively fewer people.
-
- Read what you want into that.
-
- Gruss,
- Dr Bruce Scott The deadliest bullshit is
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik odorless and transparent
- bds at spl6n1.aug.ipp-garching.mpg.de -- W Gibson
-
- --
- The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the University of
- North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Campus Office for Information
- Technology, or the Experimental Bulletin Board Service.
- internet: laUNChpad.unc.edu or 152.2.22.80
-