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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!husc-news.harvard.edu!husc8.harvard.edu!mcrae
- From: mcrae@husc8.harvard.edu (Andrew McRae, ,,)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Do Balloons fly?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov5.154520.17143@husc3.harvard.edu>
- Date: 5 Nov 92 20:45:19 GMT
- Article-I.D.: husc3.1992Nov5.154520.17143
- References: <1dbs8vINNau0@agate.berkeley.edu>
- Reply-To: mcrae@husc8.harvard.edu
- Lines: 53
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc8.harvard.edu
- Originator: mcrae@husc8.harvard.edu
-
- I've been out of physics since 1987, so don't be at all surprised if I
- make some dumb mistakes in this post. But I'm sure _someone's_ got it
- wrong, so here goes:
-
- In article <1dbs8vINNau0@agate.berkeley.edu>, aephraim@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Aephraim M. Steinberg) writes:
- > In article <1992Nov5.130316.28438@kth.se> e92_anh@vaxkab.lne.kth.se () writes:
- >>This will probably sound like a silly question to a lot of you, but WHY
- >>does a helium-filled balloon rise upward? Is it because of the
- >>difference in air-pressure at the balloon's top and bottom, causing the
- >>resulting force to press it upward?
- >
- > Yes, amazingly enough.
- >
- >>Thus, consider this: If the air surrounding the balloon had exactly the
- >>same density on all sides, then the balloon would not move (I think).
- >
- > No, actually it would sink, I think, because there is still the effect
- > of gravity.
-
- Surely, surely not! We're talking about a standard helium-filled balloon,
- aren't we, which is less dense than air. So consider a helium balloon in a
- closed room with constant (to a close-enough approximation) pressure
- throughout, so that the balloon's volume is independent of its position.
- If the balloon rises, then some air falls to replace it, and the
- gravitational potential energy of the system has decreased (because the
- air is more massive than the balloon). Similarly, for the balloon to fall,
- the GPE of the system would have to increase. So given that when a balloon
- rises the released GPE is dissipated as heat in the system, the balloon's
- ascent is thermodynamically irreversible (and can be driven e.g by thermal
- motion of air molecules). Therefore, it seems to me that in the case of
- uniform pressure, the gravitational field will still cause the balloon to
- rise.
-
- The real-life case where there's a pressure gradient is trickier, because
- one has to justify the claim that the air that falls is more massive than
- the balloon allowing for them both changing volume during the process. But
- consider a rigid hollow ball, with vacuum inside. This could function as a
- balloon, being less massive than the air it displaces, and it won't change
- volume -- the above account seems to work again, suggesting that it'll
- work for everyday balloons (which don't seem to change volume much at all
- in going from, say, ground level to 100ft).
-
- In sum, I'd have thought that the explanation for why balloons rise is the
- same as that for why submarines rise when they blow their ballast tanks --
- they're less dense than the surrounding medium, so when they rise the
- medium sinks and gravitational potential energy is lost as heat.
-
- Of course, if I've got it all wrong please don't hesitate to tell me so.
-
- Andrew.
- --
- Andrew McRae Internet: mcrae@husc.harvard.edu
- BITnet: mcrae@HUSC
-