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- From: Roger.Firestone@f349.n109.z1.fidonet.org (Roger Firestone)
- Sender: Uucp@blkcat.UUCP
- Path: sparky!uunet!blkcat!Uucp
- Newsgroups: sci.misc
- Subject: Collection of Gasses
- Message-ID: <721382417.AA00000@blkcat.UUCP>
- Date: Mon, 09 Nov 1992 20:24:00 -0500
- Lines: 58
-
- * In a message originally to All, Marc Roussel said:
- MR> From: mroussel@alchemy.chem.utoronto.ca (Marc Roussel)
- MR> Newsgroups: sci.misc
- MR> Organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
-
- [stuff deleted]
-
- MR> I can give a partial answer to this question. Most of
- MR> the noble
- MR> gases (note the spelling) are collected as byproducts from
- MR> various
- MR> mining processes. Helium for instance is collected from
- MR> natural gas
- MR> deposits. (If the rocks are sufficiently impermeable to
- MR> trap natural
- MR> gas, they are usually sufficiently impermeable to trap
- MR> helium. The
- MR> helium was just part of the initial mixture of gases which
- MR> formed the
- MR> planet. Any He in the atmosphere has escaped by now but
-
- I don't think so. I understand that the helium present in natural gas (wells in
- Kansas are a good source) is actually a radioactive decay product from the
- actinide elements present in the crust and mantle rocks, which decay by alpha
- particle emission (U and Th, principally, and their daughter products).
-
- MR> crust.) Argon is
- MR> present in sufficient quantities in the crust (and is heavy
- MR> enough not
- MR> to escape readily) that it tends to accumulate in people's
- MR> basements;
-
- I think you mean radon (Rn), which is also a radioactive daughter element that
- outgasses from igneous rocks, primarily, especially in certain areas in the
- eastern US (e.g., the Reading Prong, NW of Philadelphia).
-
- MR> I presume that the other noble gases can be found in similar
- MR> ways.
-
- Except for He and Rn, the other rare gases (the term "noble" has fallen into
- disuse since Kr and Xe can undergo chemical reactions with fluorine and also
- form bonds with oxygen) are extracted from the atmosphere, primarily by
- liquefaction. After the O and N condense out, what is left is a rare gas
- mixture, as they all have much lower boiling points than O and N (being
- monatomic, their liquids are held together by van der Waals forces only, where
- as O and N have dipole moments that help them condense, I believe). The earth's
- atmosphere is about 1% Ar, so Ar is not all that "rare" a gas; the others (Ne,
- Kr, Xe) are pretty scarce in the atmosphere (as are He and Rn, which have
- already been discussed as to their other sources). The mixture can be separated
- by fractional distillation, as the boiling points of the rare gases are
- noticeably different. Gaseous diffusion would be the hard way! (It was the
- choice for uranium hexafluoride, but the mass difference there was about
- .7%--not enough for a significant b.p. difference.)
-
- Roger M. Firestone, Ph. D.
- Associate Director, Eng. Svcs.
- Maden Tech
-
-