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- From: thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu (T. Scott Thompson)
- Subject: Re: multi-colinearity in full lisrel models
- Message-ID: <thompson.721329501@daphne.socsci.umn.edu>
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- Organization: Economics Department, University of Minnesota
- References: <1992Nov5.182658.9351@news.cs.brandeis.edu>
- Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 17:18:21 GMT
- Lines: 94
-
- mokaba@binah.cc.brandeis.edu writes:
-
- >Could someone help the novice!!
- >I am working on estimatic both structural and measurement parameter using
- >LISREL. I used 19 indicators of 6 latent varible, three of which are
- >eta's (endogenous) and the other three are ksi's (exogenous).
-
- >Problem :
- >In estimating this model I get negative beta coefficients where i expected
- >positive ones. Some one suggested that I could be have a mulcolinearity
- >problem. How do I test for it in LISREL? How do I resolve it short of
- >eliminating one of the varibales from the model?
- >e-mails appreciated.
-
- (1) Multicolinearity may lead to large standard errors for your
- estimates but it should not bias them. (Extreme multicolinearity can
- lead to loss of identification, in which case the bias is not a
- very meaningful concept.)
-
- (2) The only way to eliminate multicolinearity is to get better data.
- All of the "fix-up" procedures in the literature correspond to
- imposing linear restrictions on the parameters. If these are
- justified by a priori considerations then you should be imposing them
- anyhow. If not, then imposing them may seriously distort your
- analysis.
-
- Art Goldberger, in his text "A Course in Econometrics", makes the case
- that mulicolinearity receives too much attention in the literature
- because it has a fancy name, but has the same effects on data analysis
- as the problem of not having enough data. In a very clever parody he
- attempts to remedy the imbalance by endowing the latter with the name
- "micronumerosity." Here are some hilights from his parody. I have
- substituted for his mathematical notation where appropriate.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- The following is excerpted (without permission) from "A Course in
- Econometrics", Arthur S. Goldberger, Harvard Press, 1991.
-
- Micronumerosity.
-
- The extreme case, "exact micronumerosity" arises when n=0, in which
- case the sample estimate of mu [the mean] is not unique.
- (Technically, there is a violation of the rank condition n>0: the
- matrix 0 is singular.) ... "Near micronumerosity" is more subtle, and
- yet very serious. It arises when the rank condition n>0 is barely
- satisfied. Near micronumerosity is very prevalent in empirical
- economics.
-
- Consequences of Micronumerosity.
-
- The consequences ... are serious. Precision of estimation is reduced.
- There are two aspects of this reduction: estimates of [the mean] may
- have large errors, and not only that, but [the variance of the
- estimate] will be large. Investigators will sometimes be led to
- accept the hypothesis mu=0 because [the t-statistic] is small, even
- though the true situation may be not that mu=0 but simply that the
- sample data have not enabled us to pick mu up.
-
- The estimate of mu will be very sensitive to sample data, and the
- addition of a few more observations can sometimes produce drastic
- shifts in the sample mean. ...
-
- Testing for Micronumerosity.
-
- Test for the presence of micronumerosity requires the judicious use of
- various fingers. Some researchers prefer a single finger, others use
- their toes, still others let their thumbs rule.
-
- A generally reliable guide is to count the number of observations.
- Most of the time in econometric analysis, when n is close to zero ,it
- is also far from infinity. Several test procedures develop critical
- values n*, such that micronumerosity is a problem on if n is smaller
- than n*. But those procedures are questionable.
-
- Remedies for Micronumerosity.
-
- If micronumerosity proves serious in the sense that the estimate of mu
- has an unsatisfactorily low degree of precision, we are in the
- statistical position of not being able to make bricks without straw.
- The remedy lies essentially in the acquistion, if possible, of larger
- samples from the same population.
-
- But more data are no remedy for micronumerosity if the additional data
- are simply "more of the same." So obtaining lots of small samples
- from the same population will not help.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Goldberger goes on (in a more serious vein) to note that
- multicolinearity can actually _improve_ estimates of some linear
- combinations of the parameters.
- --
- T. Scott Thompson email: thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu
- Department of Economics phone: (612) 625-0119
- University of Minnesota fax: (612) 624-0209
-