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- From: bs@gauss.mitre.org (Robert D. Silverman)
- Subject: Re: Generalizing Prime Numbers
- Message-ID: <1992Nov9.122211.7824@linus.mitre.org>
- Sender: news@linus.mitre.org (News Service)
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- Organization: Research Computer Facility, MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA
- References: <1992Nov8.191948.14975@athena.mit.edu>
- Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 12:22:11 GMT
- Lines: 35
-
- In article <1992Nov8.191948.14975@athena.mit.edu> frisch1@athena.mit.edu (Jonathan Katz) writes:
- >I was wondering if anyone knows about any method of generalizing the concept of
- >prime numbers to the complex plane.
- >Is there more than one way to generalize it?
- >Any help on the would be appreciated.
-
- Without discussing what is known as "generalized primes", one can indeed
- extend the concept of 'prime' [or more specifically, ideal with prime
- norm] to the complex plane.
-
- Let's stick to the simplest case; the ring of Gaussian integers.
- Note that if one adjoins i = sqrt(-1) to Z, then primes of the form
- 4N+1, are no longer prime. For example consider 5.It can now be
- written as (2+i) (2-i). The rational integer 5 (or ordinary integer) 5
- has norm 25 in this ring. The norm of each of (2+i) and (2-i) is 5,
- So we have written an ordinary prime as the product of complex numbers,
- each of which has prime norm.
-
- In general, if one has a monic polynomial of degree d, with coefficients
- in Z, one can form a field by adjoining a root(s) of this polynomial
- to Q. This field has a integral basis, among which one can find 'primes'
- in the sense you mean.
-
- If one considers the ordinary primes you know and ask: which have factorizations
- in this field, the answer is that it is governed by what is known as the
- higher reciprocity laws (the same way quadratic reciprocity works for
- quadratic fields).
-
- This is a very brief, oversimplified introduction. Hope it helps.
-
- --
- Bob Silverman
- These are my opinions and not MITRE's.
- Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA 01730
- "You can lead a horse's ass to knowledge, but you can't make him think"
-