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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: Mercator Projection
- Message-ID: <1992Nov8.214329.27209@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <a34uTB4w165w@netlink.cts.com> <israel.721212129@unixg.ubc.ca>
- Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1992 21:43:29 GMT
- Lines: 51
-
- In article <israel.721212129@unixg.ubc.ca> israel@unixg.ubc.ca (Robert B. Israel) writes:
- >In <a34uTB4w165w@netlink.cts.com> kfree@netlink.cts.com (Kenneth Freeman) writes:
- >
- >>My Mercator projection goes 'up' to only 84 degrees, ~the northern
- >>tip of the classically huge Greenland. I'd like to know three things.
- >>1) For a given area, what is its apparent increase in size for a
- >>given latitude? I.e., what is the rate of increase the closer you
- >>get a pole (and infinity)?
- >
- >At latitude t, linear dimensions are multiplied by sec(t), so areas are
- >multiplied by sec^2(t).
-
- Turns out if you try to calculate this using the 1986 Encyclopedia
- Britannica you get sec^3(t). The reason is that EB defines the
- Mercator Projection to be the result of projecting the globe from its
- center onto the cylinder tangent to the equator. If this were true the
- vertical direction would scale not by sec(t) but by the derivative of
- tan(t), namely sec^2(t).
-
- Since the Rand McNally Mercator projection of the world hanging in our
- kids' playroom fits your formula exactly, and since the EB definition
- would make Greenland (.84M sq.mi) look at least five times bigger than
- South America (6.8M sq.mi) (it looks roughly the same size), I'd say
- you were right.
-
- So how is the Mercator projection defined? One way I've seen is that
- it maps rhumb lines (lines of constant bearing, not sailors waiting for
- their daily ration) to straight lines of the corresponding slope, which
- would seem to determine it uniquely up to dilatation (translation or
- scaling).
-
- An immediate consequence of this definition is that the Mercator
- projection is conformal (locally shape-preserving). However
- conformality in the plane is weaker than dilatation (e.g. z^2 as a
- transformation of the complex plane, which sends z+e to z^2+2ze for
- small e, rotating and scaling e by 2z). So conformality alone isn't
- enough to define the Mercator projection. One might ask for the
- projection to be linear, but what does linearity mean when projecting
- from a globe? The EB definition gives a notion of linear projection
- from a globe, but unfortunately it's wrong.
-
- So with the goal being to patch the EB definition:
-
- 1. What is the weakest condition required in addition to conformality
- to uniquely determine the Mercator projection up to dilatation?
-
- 2. What other natural definitions exist for the Mercator projection?
-
- The EB should use the best definition.
- --
- Vaughan Pratt
-