home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!know!mips2!news.bbn.com!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!forsight!jack
- From: jack@robotics (Jack Morrison)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: CCD camera questions
- Message-ID: <1992Nov12.235528.2939@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 23:55:28 GMT
- References: <311@wd0gol.WD0GOL.MN.ORG>
- Sender: news@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov (Usenet)
- Reply-To: jack@robotics
- Organization: Image Analysis Systems Group, JPL
- Lines: 41
- Nntp-Posting-Host: robotics.jpl.nasa.gov
-
- >The first question deals with auto-focus. It used to be that cam-corders
- >that had auto-focus also had a lens that was visibly turning any time
- >the distance to the focal object changed. Now, with the new and even
- >smaller cameras, you often don't see this. Is the lens just smaller and
- >internal or is some non-mechanical means used to focus. The manual to
- >my new Sony cam-corder says something to the effect that the camera
- >focuses by maximizing the difference in light intensity between adjacent
- >pixels. I guess this makes sense - a blury picuture would have the
- >light more dispursed between pixels, and a sharp picture would have
- >higher contrast between pixels. If a non-mechanical method is used to
- >focus, does anyone have any more details?
-
- Maximizing contrast is how it *decides* when focus is best; it still (as far
- as I know) needs to mechanically move lens elements to change focus.
- The moving element is probably just not the outer surface, as you suspected.
-
- >The second CCD camera question deals with the CCD's response to IR.
- >What is the response curve of a CCD camera? How quickly does the CCD's
- >sensitivity taper off as the frequency of the light drops below visible
- >and into IR? And how come I can see the IR on my monitor/view-finder?
- >(try pointing your TV remote at the cam-corder). My potential application
- >is a pseudo-night-vision device.
-
- It depends on the CCD used, and the optical filters in front of it that
- make specific CCD elements sensitive to red, green, or blue. But as you've
- observed, they do see some IR. Your monitor displays this signal as
- visible image (TV remote IR LED's are actually pretty bright).
-
- I have specs here for a Kodak mono CCD chip; the quantum efficiency (sensitivity)
- peaks at 27% around 400nm (bluish), and drops off more or less linearly for
- higher wavelengths: 16% at 550nm (green), 10% at 650 (red), but still at 3%
- at 850nm (IR). The color version of the same chip has filters that peak around
- 425, 550, and 650nm; the blue and green ones drop below 1% +/-100nm of center,
- but the red filter looks more like a high-pass.
-
- As far as night-vision, all you can do is experiment. Find a bright non-visible
- IR light source (no, LED's aren't *that* bright!) and see what the camcorder
- can see. Good luck!
- ----
- "How am I typing? Call 1-818-354-6508" jack@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov
- Jack Morrison/Jet Propulsion Lab/MS107-102 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena CA 91109
-