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- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Path: sparky!uunet!gumby!wupost!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!rich
- From: Robert G Halvorson <norml@henson.cc.wwu.edu>
- Subject: MARIJUANA MYTHS - Pt.1
- Message-ID: <1992Nov10.203406.16271@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Originator: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Sender: news@mont.cs.missouri.edu
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- Organization: ?
- Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1992 20:34:06 GMT
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Lines: 117
-
- Via NY Transfer News Service 718-448-2358, 718-448-2683
-
- MARIJUANA MYTHS - Pt.1
- by Paul Hager
- Hoosier Cannabis Relegalization Coalition
-
-
- 1. Marijuana causes brain damage
-
- The most celebrated study that claims to show brain damage is the rhesus
- monkey study of Dr. Robert Heath, done in the late 1970s. This study was
- reviewed by a distinguished panel of scientists sponsored by the Institute of
- Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences. Their results were published
- under the title, Marijuana and Health in 1982. Heath's work was sharply
- criticized for its insufficient sample size (only four monkeys), its failure
- to control experimental bias, and the misidentification of normal monkey
- brain structure as "damaged". Actual studies of human populations of
- marijuana users have shown no evidence of brain damage. For example, two
- studies from 1977, published in the Journal of the American Medical
- Association (JAMA) showed no evidence of brain damage in heavy users of
- marijuana. That same year, the American Medical Association (AMA) officially
- came out in favor of decriminalizing marijuana. That's not the sort of thing
- you'd expect if the AMA thought marijuana damaged the brain.
-
- 2. Marijuana damages the reproductive system
-
- This claim is based chiefly on the work of Dr. Gabriel Nahas, who
- experimented with tissue (cells) isolated in petri dishes, and with
- researchers who dosed animals with near-lethal amounts of cannabinoids (i.e.,
- the intoxicating part of marijuana). Nahas' generalizations from his petri
- dishes to human beings have been rejected by the scientific community as
- being invalid. In the case of the animal experiments, the animals that
- survived their ordeal returned to normal within 30 days of the end of the
- experiment. Studies of actual human populations have failed to demonstrate
- that marijuana adversely affects the reproductive system.
-
- 3. Marijuana is a "gateway" drug -- it leads to hard drugs
-
- This is one of the more persistent myths. A real world example of what
- happens when marijuana is readily available can be found in Holland. The
- Dutch functionally decriminalized marijuana in the 1970s. Since then, hard
- drug use -- heroin and cocaine -- have DECLINED substantially. Even use of
- marijuana has declined. If marijuana really were a gateway drug, one would
- have expected use of hard drugs to have gone up. Actual studies of hard drug
- "addicts" reveal that they start with alcohol or tobacco more frequently than
- marijuana.
-
- 4. Marijuana suppresses the immune system
-
- Like the studies claiming to show damage to the reproductive system, this
- myth is based on studies where animals were givenextremely high dos es of
- cannabinoids. These results have never been duplicated in human beings.
- Interestingly, two studies done in 1978 and one done in 1988 showed that
- hashish and marijuana may have actually stimulated the immune system in the
- people studied.
-
- 5. Marijuana is much more dangerous than tobacco
-
- Smoked marijuana contains more carcinogens than does an equivalent amount
- of tobacco (1.5 to 3 times). Marijuana, however, unlike tobacco, actually
- dilates (enlarges) the air passages in the lungs which promotes
- self-cleaning. This is one reason why cannabis has been found useful in the
- past in treating asthmatics. It should be remembered that a heavy tobacco
- smoker consumes much more tobacco than a heavy marijuana smoker consumes
- marijuana. Two other factors are important. The first is that paraphernalia
- laws directed against marijuana users make it difficult to smoke safely.
- These laws make water pipes and bongs, which filter some of the carcinogens
- out of the smoke, illegal and, hence, unavailable. The second is that, if
- marijuana were legal, it would be more economical to have cannabis drinks
- like bhang (a traditional drink in the Middle East) or tea which are totally
- non-carcinogenic. This is in stark contrast with "smokeless" tobacco products
- like snuff which can cause cancer of the mouth and throat. Nicotine itself is
- very toxic in even small quantities. In contrast, the cannabinoids are
- relatively non-toxic. When all of these facts are taken together, it can be
- clearly seen that the reverse is true: marijuana is much SAFER than tobacco.
-
- 6. Legal marijuana would cause carnage on the highways
-
- Although marijuana, when used to intoxication, does impair performance in
- a manner similar to alcohol, actual studies of the effect of marijuana on the
- automobile accident rate suggest that it poses LESS of a hazard than alcohol.
- When a random sample of fatal accident victims was studied, it was initially
- found that marijuana was associated with RELATIVELY as many accidents as
- alcohol. In other words, the number of accident victims intoxicated on
- marijuana relative to the number of marijuana users in society gave a ratio
- similar to that for accident victims intoxicated on alcohol relative to the
- total number of alcohol users. However, a closer examination of the victims
- revealed that around 85% of the people intoxicated on marijuana WERE ALSO
- INTOXICATED ON ALCOHOL. For people only intoxicated on marijuana, the rate
- was much lower than for alcohol alone. This would suggest that legal
- marijuana would not pose as serious a hazard as legal alcohol.
-
- NOTE: We of the HCRC believe that DUI laws pertaining to driving under the
- influence of alcohol should apply to driving under the influence of
- marijuana. We believe in the RESPONSIBLE USE of marijuana, NOT IRRESPONSIBLE
- ABUSE.
-
- 7. Marijuana "flattens" human brainwaves
-
- This is an out-and-out lie perpetrated by the Partnership for a Drug-Free
- America. A few years ago, they ran a TV ad that purported to show, first, a
- normal human brainwave, and second, a flat brainwave from a 14-year-old "on
- marijuana". When researchers called up the TV networks to complain about this
- commercial, the Partnership had to pull it from the air. It seems that the
- Partnership faked the flat "marijuana brainwave". In reality, marijuana has
- the effect of slightly INCREASING alpha wave activity. Alpha waves are
- associated with meditative and relaxed states which are, in turn, often
- associated with human creativity.
-
- continued...
-
-
-
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- * Origin: The Alien Nation (1033/1)
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