NetNews Usenet Archive 1992 #26/NN_1992_26.iso/spool/comp/unix/aux/4009

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From: [e-mail] (Jim Jagielski)
Subject: Apple A/UX FAQ List (2/2)
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Followup-To: comp.unix.aux
Summary: Latest posting of FAQ for A/UX
Keywords: FAQ A/UX
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Nntp-Posting-Host: jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jim Jagielski)
Organization: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
References: <[e-mail]>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1992 13:07:57 GMT
Approved: [e-mail]
Expires: Wed, 25 Nov 1992 00:00:00 GMT

Archive-name: aux-faq/part2
Last-modified: Tue Nov 10 08:05:25 EST 1992

         This is the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) list for A/UX 3.0

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ START OF PART 2 OF 2 //////////////////////

===
20)  My MacOS partition mounts fine under MacOS but it doesn't show up
     under A/UX... Why?

Whether or not a Mac partition mounts under A/UX depends on a number of
factors (possibly even including the phases of the moon and the color socks
you happen to be wearing)... Necessary conditions for a partition to mount are:

    1. The disk MUST be partitioned using the "new" partitioning scheme
       detailed in Inside Macintosh V. There is still plenty of disk
       software out there that uses the "old" scheme and this drives will
       not mount under A/UX. Generic disk formatters that use the "new"
       scheme include SilverLining and FWB Hard Disk Toolkit. Most major
       disk vendors supply A/UX compatible formatting s/w.

    2. The partition must mount under MacOS BEFORE A/UX is booted. A/UX
       only tries to mount partitions that were already when it was booted.
       So, if you use an application to boot A/UX and this application runs
       before a partition is mounted, A/UX won't mount it for you. If you
       have a removable drive (such as SyQuest), you must insert the disk
       before you boot A/UX... this means you can't swap cartridges under
       A/UX.

It's possible that playing with 'pname' before starting the MacOS environment
may make more MacOS partitions readable...

===
21)  I've ported ELM (or other mail reader) and it doesn't seem to work.
     Why?

It seems most likely that the reason is because they attempt to use a different
file locking scheme that /bin/mail does. Pre-3.0 versions of mail used 'flock'
style file locking. 3.0 now uses the ".lock" scheme for mail file locking.
Thus, ELM _must_ be told _NOT_ to use 'flock' style file locking... This
means that if you upgraded from 2.0.1 to 3.0, you'll need to reconfigure and
compile ELM.

===
22)  What 3-button mice work under A/UX (and X)?

The Gravis SuperMouse is a 3-button mechanical mouse that is completely
configurable and compatible with A/UX. Mouse System's A-3 mouse is compatible
but is "hard-wired" configured for A/UX as: Left Button = Actual Mouse Button;
Middle Button = Left Arrow; Right Button = Right Arrow. There is also the
Logitech MouseMan. The general agreement is that the SuperMouse is your
best bet... At present, the Gravis SuperMouse, however, is not shipping
due to some technical problem.

Please note that A/UX 2.0.1 only supports a subset of the ADB Manager. Thus
there are a few ADB devices that may not work under A/UX.

===
23)  How come when I do a "df" as a regular user, it shows me a different
     number of free blocks compared to when I run it as "root"?

One of the details about the BSD Fast File System is that it sets aside 10% of
the available disk space (by default... this value can be changed by using
the "tunefs" command) and makes it unavailable to regular users. This
prevents 2 things: filling up a file system and destroying performance by
having a "too full" file system. "root", however, does have access to this
"extra" disk space, hence the difference in the numbers reported by df between
"root" and "regular joe".

Please note that if you used HD Setup to create the partitions (or your
A/UX came preinstalled), then the "set aside" value for these file systems
is 5%, not the default of 10%... This was simply to give users more space.
Reducing this value beyond 5% is Not A Good Idea.

===
24)  Does A/UX LocalTalk support IP?

Nope... not at all. Maybe 3.0.1...

===
25)  How do I get MPW 3.1 to work? It hangs my system...

MPW 3.1 doesn't work under A|UX 2.0 although 3.2 does. In the meantime,
you can make 3.1 work by breaking into MacsBug when it's hung and entering:

    pc=pc+2;g

See Q#31 for info about entering MacsBug...

===
26)  Can I refer to a file on my Mac system from within A/UX?

A/UX's "Finder" mode is the only way (currently) to access both file systems.
You could write a hybrid application that could attach to the Finder world (a
la, CommandShell and cmdo which can "see" both file systems), but you can't
access HFS volumes from the A/UX kernel directly. In a similar vein, you can't
"mount" an HFS volume on an A/UX inode.

===
27)  How can I adjust the amount of virtual memory available Finder uses?

The default behavior under 3.0 is to set the amount of MacOS memory equal
to the total memory you have if possible (see below about 24-bit mode).
If you are low on swap, this can cause some strange behavior (although
you most probably won't get a panic message). To "fix" this, you may want
to decrease the memory size.

The easiest way is to use the "TBMEMORY" environment variable. You can set
it's "value" equal to the amount of memory you wish to use. For example:

    set TBMEMORY=10m         (in .profile for ksh or sh or /etc/profile)
       -or-
    setenv TBMEMORY 10m      (in .login for csh)

configures Finder for 10M.

You can also edit /mac/bin/mac32|mac24 (or .mac32|.mac24 if you are using this
method) to call "startmac" with the memory size you want using the "-m" option.
For example:

    /mac/bin/startmac -m 8m > $SMLOGFILE 2>&1 &
                         -------

in (.)mac32|(.)mac24 will configure an 8M environment.

Please note that under the 24-bit mode (mac24), you can only access a maximum
of 8MB of RAM. It won't complain if you try to setup more, it just won't
do it. Furthermore, if you actually have more than 8MB (say 12), the "About
This Macintosh" window will show "Built-in Memory:  12,288 L; Total Memory:
8,192 K".

===
28)  Is it worth getting a cache card for the IIci?

Absolutely! The card makes an amazing difference in performance. However, this
performance increase is reduced when an external monitor is used. For more
information about extensive benchmarking with the IIci and cache cards, you
can snag the benchmarking results (which were generated by William Roberts)
via anon-ftp on redstar.dcs.qmw.ac.uk in archive/papers.

===
29)  How do I keep command lines that I edit with "backspace" from erasing
     the prompt?

This behavior is due to the tty driver under A/UX. The BSD tty driver (which
A/UX doesn't use) handles this, whereas the SysV driver doesn't. If you are
running "ksh" then you can "set -o viraw" to prevent this from happening.
As far as I know, there are no work-arounds for "sh" or "csh". ("tcsh" does
not suffer from this problem... I don't know about "bash".)

===
30)  When I try to mail something, I get the following error message:
     "Cannot read frozen config file: not a typewriter". What's wrong?

This message is produced by sendmail (/usr/lib/sendmail) when it's frozen
configuration file (/usr/lib/sendmail.fc) is unusable (as it is in the A/UX
distribution which has it as a 0-byte file). To create a "new" frozen file
of your present sendmail.cf file (assuming that it's good), type:

    $ /usr/lib/sendmail -bz

(the sendmail daemon, if it exists, must be killed 1st).

===
31a)  I have MacsBug installed. How can I trigger it?
        -- or --
31b)  Sometimes my MultiFinder environment (and/or CommandShell) freezes
      up; how can I unfreeze it? Should I hit the Interrupt switch?

The "Command-Control-e" keypress will kill the current MultiFinder environment
and "unfreeze" (and kill) your MultiFinder|CommandShell. Depending on
whether your session-type is Console Mode or 32|24-Bit, you will either get
returned to the console or get returned to the Login screen. You should _NOT_
press the Interrupt switch since this puts you into A/UX's kernel debugger.
If you have MacsBug installed (which is recommended) then you can press
"Command-Control-i" to enter it. This may enable you to clean some things up
before the MultiFinder environment is blasted (even just using "rs" under
MacsBug helps...). If MacsBug is _not_ installed, the "C-C-i" behaves almost
like a "C-C-e" except that it appears that A/UX doesn't need to "rebuild" your
icon/Desktop "environment" the next time Mac-mode is entered.

===
32)  Is there an archive of comp.unix.aux out there somewhere?

Yes, it's located on aux.support.apple.com under archives/comp.unix.aux.

===
33)  My site is not upgraded to EtherTalk Phase 2 yet... can I use Phase 1
     under A/UX?

A/UX only supports EtherTalk Phase 2. Upgrading to Phase 2 is recommended for
a variety of reasons, but most importantly to ensure compatibility with
new products from Apple and developers (of course, the added features over
Phase 1 are nice too :).

===
34)  What languages are available for A/UX?

A/UX comes with a C compiler ('cc'), a FORTRAN-77 compiler ('f77') as
well as an assembler ('as'), SNOBOL ('sno') and a kinda-basic interpreter
('bs'). 'cc' is a nice, stable, if not-too-quick compiler. 'f77' is a
true FORTRAN-77 compiler and appears quite workable. I've not used 'sno'
(I couldn't recall how to program in SNOBOL if my life depended on it :)
or 'bs'.

If you are doing any work in C, then it would be well worth it to get a
copy of the GNU C compiler ('gcc') (see Q&A #9). gcc is K&R and ANSI
compatible so if you are doing ANSI work you'll need it. Apple also has an
ANSI C compiler ('c89') that you can buy. It's available on the "A/UX
Developer's Toolkit CD" from APDA. There is also at least one other
3rd-party C compiler out there, but I can't recall it's name right
now. gcc is free; c89 runs about $800. Both include C++ capabilities.

There are also 2 very good 3rd-party FORTRAN compilers: NKR FORTRAN
and Absoft MacFORTRAN II. In my opinion, MacFORTRAN II is the better
product... it has finer compiler control, a wide number of compatibility
options (such as VAX FORTRAN) and excellent speed. If you do order
MFII, be _sure_ to get the A/UX version. They also sell an MPW version
that will work under A/UX but it's run under, you guessed it, MPW.
The A/UX version is a true "Unix" compiler and it's optimized for A/UX.
Both MFII and NKR FORTRAN run about $500-$600.

Oasys sells 3 compiler packages: C, C++ and FORTRAN. All the compilers
are based on the GreenHills compilers which are known to be robust and
fast. However, the Oasys packages are expensive, running about $2000
per language (although you do get assemblers and linker/loaders with
the package). Unisoft used to distribute their "Optimizing Compilers"
(FORTRAN and C) for A/UX, but they are no longer available... Pity,
because they also were based on GreenHills and were quite nice.

At present, I know of no true Pascal compilers for A/UX.

Finally, if you are doing program development, then you'll need a
good debugger. As described above in "List of ports...", Thomas Eberhardt
([e-mail]) has ported gdb for A/UX, if you would
prefer using something other than sdb or dbx, which are included with
A/UX. If you are using FORTRAN, then Absoft also makes an excellent
debugger which has been fine-tuned to work with MFII (it also does quite
well with C); it's called FX. It has two interfaces, character and Motif,
and is quite powerful.

===
35)  How can I figure out the /etc/disktab entry for my hard disk?

Many hard disk applications will reveal the disk drive geometry for you:
FWB Hard Disk ToolKit and SCSI Evaluator are very good (SilverLining is a bit
wrong on the number of tracks... it includes spares). What you are really
looking for are the total number of cylinders ('nc'), the number of sectors
per track ('ns') and the number of tracks ('nt'). Also, I'm maintaining
a list of /etc/disktab entries. If you have any, send it to me and I'll
add them.

The file will be available via anon-ftp on jagubox.
<<ED: I need _LOTS_ of entries>>

Just a note: the number of tracks ('nt') is equal to the number of heads.

===
36)  How come I can't use color under X?

Apple's X (R4), and Thomas Eberhardt's X11R5 all support color. However,
you must start the server with the "-screen 0 -depth 8" option (similar
command with other screens if you have them). You can add these options to
the command line or to your server's defaults file. You can also create a
".X11" file in your home directory which includes the line:

    X -screen 0 -depth 8

to get the same effect. Make sure that ".X11" is executable for this to
work ("chmod 755 .X11").

===
37)  What are Right-To-Copy and Right-To-Upgrade licenses?

If you have bought at least one copy of A/UX 3.0 and you have other Mac CPUs
that you would like to install A/UX on, you don't need to reorder the entire
product. You can order a Right-To-Copy license for each Mac you want to
install A/UX on and then copy your A/UX to that Mac. This is cheaper than
buying a whole new CD-ROM package. It's not right to copy unless you have a
Right-To-Copy.

If those other Macs are already running A/UX, but an older version, then you
need to order a Right-To-Upgrade license for each one you want to upgrade.
As above, you then copy your 3.0 over to that Mac.

Note that in both cases, you must have purchased at least 1 copy of A/UX 3.0.
The Right-To-* licenses just "authorize" you to then copy that over to other
Macs.

The A/UX Essential Manual Set (that comes with A/UX 3.0) is not provided with
either license. If you need more, you'll need to order them

===
38)  How do I set up my Mac and A/UX to enable remote logins via a modem
     on tty0?

First of all, you must edit /etc/inittab to start getty on tty0 using mo_2400:

    00:2:respawn:/etc/getty -u -t 60 tty0 mo_2400

Make sure that your modem is set to be quiet, to not return result codes and
to not echo back. It must also reset on DTR being dropped ("atq1e0&d3" will
achieve this for most Hayes-compatible modems except certain (all) USR modems).
|Your modem must also raise DCD on connection ("at&c1") in order to have
|Dialup security (i.e. when the line is closed, HangUp the process. This means
|that MODEM flow control must be specified in gettydefs). You then save these
changes using the "at&w" sequence. Finally, to make it autoanswer, be sure to
add "ats0=1&w".

|Make sure that the modem cable is correctly configured (NOTE: This is
|for Dialup Security!):

    Mac       Modem
    --------------------
    1 (HskO)  20 (DTR)
              4  (RTS)  <- yep... it gets sent to Pin 20 & 4
    2 (HskI)  8  (DCD)
    3 (TxD-)  2  (TxD)
    4 (GDN)   7  (Sgnd)
    5 (RxD-)  3  (RxD)
    6 NO CONNECT
    7 NO CONNECT
    8 (RxD+)  7  (Sgnd)  <- this is right, it gets tied to Mac pin 4 too.

If you mess up pin 8 things can get so flaky that you'll never figure out
what's going on. You see, by grounding pin 8, you make the modem port
truly RS-232 compatible. If not grounded, the port will use the RS-422
standard, which can cause lots of problems.

Please note that getty is the bidirectional version of getty, which is
sometimes known as uugetty. Thus, you can have dial in and dial out
at the same time on the same port. You should be using at least version
1.16 of HDB (see above: "stuff that's broken" and Q&A 15)

%%% For more info concerning modem|serial problems for A/UX, you really
    should contact Alexis Rosen ([e-mail])... He's really worked
    this area... %%%

===
39)  How come I can't used "talk" with some of the other Unix boxes out
     there, and they can't talk to me?

The reason why is because there are two versions of talk (and it's daemon
talkd) out there. A/UX uses the BSD 4.2 version. Others use the 4.3 version.
The two aren't compatible and don't even talk on the same port. If you try
to talk to someone and all you get is a "Checking for invitation..." message
then it's because the machine you're trying to access is using 4.3.

Steve Green ([e-mail]) has ported the 4.3 versions of talk
and talkd (now renamed ntalk and ntalkd for A/UX) to overcome this snag. You
can have both versions available and running with no problems. The port is
available via anon-ftp on jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.

===
40)  I'm having trouble transfering files between A/UX and my MacOS disk...
     Also, sometimes things get transfered fine, othertimes not. What's
     going on?

If a file on the A/UX system has Type "TEXT", then when it is copied over to
a MacOS disk, all 'newline' characters will be replaced by 'carriage
returns'. Sometimes this is what you want (that is when the file is, in fact,
a TEXT file). Othertimes it's not. Say for example you download a GIF file
onto your A/UX disk. A/UX _might_ think it's a TEXT file. If you then copy
it over to your MacOS disk and try to use Giffer on it, it won't work. That's
because the 'nl's where changed, which is _not_ what you want. The way to
stop this is to convince A/UX that the file is of non-TEXT type. There are
many applications out there (including the A/UX included "setfile" program)
that lets you modify this. Do this before you copy the file over to your Mac OS
disk and all will be Okay. If you aren't sure what the Type and Creator
should be, you can just specify "BIN " and "A/UX" (note space in BIN) and
the file won't be massaged during the copy|transfer. You'll still need
to eventually change them to the correct ones for their particular
application, but this way they'll be on your MacOS disk "uncorrupted."

Of course, you could also use "setfile" to set the Type|Creator fields _before_
you copy the file to the MacOS disk and avoid an additional step.

Please note that if you downloaded a BINHEX file, you _do_ want to keep
it as a TEXT file if you transfer it over to the MacOS. Once there, you
can de-BINHEX it and unStuffIt (if it was a binhexed stuffit archive).

See "Hints and Words of Wisdom" (above) for hints in using ftp file transfers
under A/UX.

===
41)  Using the command shell interface, I'm trying to delete some Mac files
     (that have strange names) but I can't; "rm" returns an error and I can't
     remove the file. What's going on?

The problem is that sh and csh don't understand the Mac "special" characters
that are in the filenames. They don't expect filenames with characters that
are represented by 8-bits. ksh is "8-bit clean" and thus would be able to do
the deletion. For example, to remove Moire, just type:

    $ ksh           #this creates a Korn shell child
    % rm M?ire      #match the weird 'o'
    % exit          #get back in your old shell

You could also use emacs' DIRED or the Gnu File utilities to do this, but ksh
is right here on the system so it's a bit easier.

===
42)  How can I reports bugs that I find?

The official E-mail address is [e-mail]. If you
subscribe to the A/UX Technical AnswerLine, you can also use that method. The
former isn't acknowledged although the latter is.

For completeness, also post the report to comp.unix.aux.

There is also a HyperCard stack called "Apple Bug Reporter" that Apple
recommends using. I have a copy and can make it available via anon-ftp if
there is a demand.

===
43)  Which serial cards work under A/UX?

<<ED: the following is a posting by Alexis Rosen ([e-mail]) on c.u.a>>

There are three cards that "work" with A/UX. The Apple serial card is NOT one
of them.

The first is Paul Campell's Taniwha CommCard. This card does indeed work with
all versions of A/UX including 3.0. It has special support for UUCP. It has
a few mysterious and not very important problems. It's an excellent buy. The
only problem is, it's not on the market anymore. If you can get one used,
though, it's worth getting. The one downside is that, like Apple's ports, it
won't SIMULTANEOUSLY support modem and hardware flow control. It is immune to
many of the nasty bugs which affect the built-in serial ports, including the
two (at least) which can crash the kernel.

The second is the Digiboard Nu/whatever, which comes in 4 and 8 port versions.
This card does not currently work well with A/UX, and has not since 2.0. It
is susceptible to a variety of problems which crash the kernel, although if
you use only one port, you can go for many days without dying. It can also
bring down streams without crashing the kernel. A separate problem with
throughput causes UUCP to fail at high (9600 or above) speeds. HOWEVER- the
story is not over. The author of the drivers has been working hard to correct
these problems, and I hope that they will be corrected sometime in the next
two months.

<<ED: Some very good news! Brian Westley, the author of the Nu/Xi drivers,
  of DigiBoard has completely rewritten the A/UX drivers, which are now
  in beta test. According to Brain, the betas seem rock solid and complete
  and are "much better than the current released version." He's also
  attempting to add CSlip support. He also now has _real_ work-time
  available to work on the drivers. If you would like the latest betas
  (or just need to contact him) he has a variety of E-mail addresses:
    [e-mail]
    ...uunet!digibd!merlyn
    AppleLink D1692
>>

The 3rd is the Applied Engineering QuadraLink serial card. I have the drivers
but have never had the chance to test them. However, I'm not too comfortable
with the idea of using them, for two reasons. First, the author of the drivers
knows fairly little about A/UX or unix in general. Second, the driver code is
based on Apple code. Apple has been (at least until 3.0 comes out) completely
incapable of writing serial drivers for their own hardware, so I'm not too
confident in usig their code as a base for someone else's drivers. BUT!!! -
as I said, I haven't used them. And at least one person who has, has not
reported trouble. So they're OK, at least for light use (which is sort of true
for the Apple ports as well). I just wouldn't bet a commercial project on
it.

The AE QuadraLink card, like the CommCard and the Apple ports, can't do both
hardware handshaking and modem control at the same time. No hardware patch
kit will be developed for the AE card...

The AE QuadraLink DMA isn't any better.

In short, there are no good serial-port solutions for A/UX. For a serious
project, buy a terminal server or buy a Sun. :-(

<<ED: the following is a followup to Alexis's posting. It's from Paul Sander>>

Actually, there are four.

The fourth is the MaraThon MultiComm card from Dove.  It comes with three
serial ports and a parallel port.  The first serial port is a DB-25, the
second is a DB-9 (AT compatible), and the third is configurable DB-25 or
RS-422.  The parallel port is also AT-compatible.  I haven't had trouble
with the serial ports, though I have had only terminals connected to them.
The parallel driver has an infuriating bug in which occasionally the end
of a printout is lost.  (The workaround is to print a short dummy file after
anything important.)  A/UX drivers come separately from the card, but they
are free.

Dove's technical support is pretty poor.  When I got the card, I had them
send the A/UX drivers.  When I discovered the bug, I reported it, and got
an "update," which contained the exact same software (proven using cmp to
compare the cpio archives on their media).  Repeated calls were either
unanswered, or were not returned.  I finally gave up after some 6 months
of frustration.  To make the story complete, they used to have an 800
number for technical support, but it was discontinued 3 months into this
saga.

===
44)  I heard the the Installer for 3.0 works on "any" 3rd party hard disk.
     Well, it doesn't on mine!

Well, the Installer will work with any 3rd party disk but there are a few
wrinkles... The HD Setup application in the 3.0 Installer is unique in that
not only does it create A/UX partitions but it also creates the actual file
systems in those partitions (basically it runs 'newfs'). Now if you have
used some other HD utility program (such as SilverLining or FWB HDT) to
create the partitions and then attempt to install A/UX on that disk, the
Installer sees that the partitions are there and then _assumes_ that they
were created by HD Setup and therefore have the file systems already created.
Of course, the file systems don't exist yet, just the partitions, so the
installation fails.

You have a few options:

 a. Run the Installer on a newly formatted disk. This means that HD Setup
    will do all the partitioning (etc...) and the installation will
    proceed. Note that this means you will be "stuck" with the Apple drivers
    whenever you are in the _real_ MacOS Finder.

 b. If you want to use the drivers on your HD utility (for stuff like,
    maybe, password protection of partitions) then you have two (maybe
    three )additional options:

   i. Use 'a' above to install A/UX. Then use your HD utility program to
      "take over" the disk, disabling (or even removing) the Apple drivers
      and installing it's own. Note that if there isn't enough space to
      install it's drivers, most will attempt to "shrink" the MacOS
      partition to make room. Most can do this with no problem, but why
      take the risk... when you partition the disk, leave about 64K
      available as free space.

  ii. Use your HD utility to create the partitions. Then, before you
      run the Installer, run 'newfs' "by hand" to create the file systems
      so that the installation can proceed.

 iii. Use your HD utility to format (etc...) your disk and create
      _only_ the MacOS partition. Now run the Installer. In most cases
      HD Setup will work fine with the driver installed on the disk.
      You can now use it to create the A/UX partitions.

      <<ED: I _know_ this (iii) works with FWH HDT 1.1.x>>

===
45)  I'm using a LaserWriter IIg with A/UX 3.0 and whenever I print some-
     thing to it through "lpr", the first line of the page is cut off. Why?

This only shows up on versions of the IIg (and IIf) with less than 5MB RAM.
The reason is because this makes the LW default to PhotoGrade-mode. You can do
2 things to fix this:

    1. Using the LaserWriter Utility program, disable PhotoGrade.
       Since one of the main advantages of these LW's is PhotoGrade,
       this option is kinda unpalatable.

    2. If you are _only_ using "Letter" mode under "lpr", then you
       can edit /usr/lib/ps/pstext.pro to include the following line
       between "% RCSID:..." and "/StartPage...":

       %!PS-Adobe-1.0
       % Z%Copyright Apple Computer 1987\tVersion 1.1 of pstext.pro on\
         87/05/04 19:02:25
       %%Creator: pstext
       %%DocumentFonts: Courier
       % RCSID: $Header: pstext.pro,v 2.1 85/11/24 12:19:55 shore Rel $
 =====>>>>>letter
       /StartPage{/sv save def 48 760 moveto}def

This will fix the problem and make it usable again.

===
46)  Whenever I try to run xinit (or startx) from the CommandShell I get
     a fatal server error. Why?

The reason why is because both X and the CommandShell want _complete_ control
over your Mac (display, keyboard and mouse). So, when you try to start one
while running the other, you'll get into trouble. You need to start X either
from the Console Emulator Mode or by choosing it as your "session type" from
the Login screen (This session type will be available only if your installed
Apple's X or have installed John Coolidge's 'sessiontypes' for X11R5).

===
47)  I'm trying to access my tape drive using 'tc' (with something like
     "find . -print | cpio -o > /dev/rmt/tc1") but it doesn't work...

Except for 9-track magtapes, all I/O to tape drives associated with the
'tc' device files _must_ be blocked at 8k. The 'tcb' program does just
that so that should be included. For example, to write:

    $ find . -print | cpio -o | tcb > /dev/rmt/tc1

And to read:

    $ tcb < /dev/rmt/tc1 | cpio -i

You can get better performance if you increase the buffer size (just make
sure that it's a multiple of 8k). For example, you could use 'dd' as
your blocking filter with a 'bs=10x8k'.

|Jim Jagielski's replacement for 'tc' allows for 'tc' to use the
|tape drive's own physical block size as the logical block size
|for I/O. Doing so results in a sizable performance hit and it
|isn't recommended for normal use. Use the "mode" _ONLY_ if you
|need to read tapes written by 'st' or by another platform. Please
|note you are still limited to an I/O block size of at least the
|physical block size, which can be anything for 512 to 1024 to 8192 bytes.

%%% For more information about "tc", please contact Jim via E-mail %%%

===
48)  What CD-ROM drives are compatible with A/UX 3.0?

Of course, the Apple CD-ROM drive is 100% compatible with A/UX. The following
are also known to be 100% compatible (meaning you can use them to install
A/UX as well as when running A/UX):

    The Toshiba XM3201B and XM3301B
    DEC RRD42
    Sun CD-ROM (Sony CDU-8012?)
    CD-Technologies Porta-Drive CD-ROM
    Chinon CDA-431

===
49)  Do I install CDEVs and Extensions in the System Folder on MacPartition
     or on the "/" A/UX disk.

To install these additions to A/UX, you will need to drag-copy them over
to the A/UX System Folder. Usually, this is /mac/sys/System Folder on
the "/" disk but it will also "appear" in your "home folder" icon.

===
50)  I heard that A/UX requires a special version of System 7 to boot...
     Is this true?

A lot of people believe this but this is not true. There is no difference
between the s/w on the MacPartition partition and the "real" System 7.
The only _real_ need for MacPartition is that it's name tells A/UX Startup
what SCSI disk contains the A/UX Root partition. When A/UX Startup starts,
it looks for the MacPartition disk and then looks for the A/UX partitions
on that disk. This means that you _don't_ need to boot-up from the
MacPartition disk to boot A/UX. Start your Mac from your standard Startup
disk and just double-click on A/UX Startup on the MacPartition icon.

You can even do without the MacPartition disk but telling A/UX Startup
the exact SCSI number of the A/UX disk. You can do this a couple of ways:

    1. create a ROOT variable in A/UX Startup that points to the
       root partition in this form: (SCSI-ID, 0, 0)

    2. Under the General Preferences menu, change the Root Directory
       to (SCSI-ID, 0, 0).

The "device" file /dev/default points to the SCSI-ID of whatever disk is the
MacPartition disk, so if you don't have one, you need to tell A/UX Startup
it's "real" name. This is kinda messy since you'll need to preface a lot
of stuff with this value: e.g.

    #startup cat (6,0,0)/etc/inittab

===
51)  I've tried to install the CD Remote extension to A/UX so that
     I can play audio CD's, but it doesn't work...

At present, A/UX will not allow you to play your audio CD's on a CD-ROM
drive, so don't attempt to install the CD Remote extension (see below #52).

===
52)  What CD-ROM formats does A/UX support?

A/UX supports ISO file system format CD-ROMs. The catch is that A/UX only
supports ISO in the MacOS mode (i.e. you can't 'mount' the CD-ROM as an
UNIX file system). To allow this, you'll need to copy 3 Mac files to
the System Folder that's active when you want to use ISO CD-ROMs. The files,
which must be obtained from the Apple CD-ROM Software Disk (vers. 3.2 or
later) are: ISO 9660 File Access, High Sierra File Access and Foreign
File Access (the latter is an Extension). Logging out of the MacOS mode
and then logging back in will "complete" the installation. Do _not_
install the Apple CD-ROM extension, since it is built into A/UX.

Again, please note that A/UX will not recognize _any_ of the audio
capability of CD-ROMs.

===
53)  How can I add printers other than those available via the Chooser?

<<ED: From a post by Antonio Ordonex ([e-mail])>>

If the printer is in another zone, it is necessary to define the zone in
which the printer is located with a full path name.  You can then
"hardwire" a printer name including the zone for a particular printer
queue.

The best way to do this is to make a copy the /usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk
directory and give it a name related to the printer we want to use. Modify
the file ifilter/ofilter/nfilter  (it is the same file with 3 hard links)
in this directory. Also modyfy the /etc/printcap file to create a new
printer queue.

I will use my system as an example so please modify to reflect your
situation.

The first thing to do is to create the new directory and put the correct
files in it. NOTE that I am using mknod to create the pipe file.

mkdir Idaho
chown daemon Idaho
chgrp daemon Idaho
cp AppleTalk/ifilter Idaho/ifilter
cd Idaho
ln ifilter ofilter
ln ofilter nfilter
mknod pipe p
chown daemon *
chgrp daemon *

In my case I have a printer called "Idaho Spooler" in the zone "SCV CAM2
2nd W"  while my system is on the zone "SCV CAM2 2nd E", so all I do is to
modify the /usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter file (you can use vi or
TextEditor)
and change the line that defines the value for Printer from

Printer=`basename "cwd"`
    -to-
Printer="Idaho Spooler:LaserWriter@SCV CAM2 2nd W"

In the /etc/printcap file I copy the entry for AppleTalk (all six lines)
and change any reference to AppleTalk to the name I used for my new
directory. Again, in my case I used "Idaho" as the directory name so my
/etc/printcap file looks like

#
# pragma ident "@(#)lpr:printcap        5.4 90/03/27 "
#
# Copyright 1990 Apple Computer, Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
##
# Remote AppleTalk printer (selected by Chooser)
# For an AppleTalk printer which doesn't support PostScript remove last 2
names.
lp|at|AppleTalk|postscript|PostScript:\
        :lp=/dev/null:\
        :if=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ifilter:\
        :of=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/ofilter:\
        :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk/nfilter:\
        :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/AppleTalk:
lp2|Idaho:\
        :lp=/dev/null:\
        :if=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ifilter:\
        :of=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/ofilter:\
        :nf=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho/nfilter:\
        :sd=/usr/spool/lpd/Idaho:

After all these steps are completed restart the printer queue with the
command

lpc restart all

Now you should be able to send a print job to the printer in the other
zone
with the command

lpr -Plp2 /etc/passwd

or

lpr -PIdaho /etc/passwd

Hope this helps

===
//////////////////////  END OF PART 2 OF 2  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

--
    Jim Jagielski               | "It is not I who am crazy...
    [e-mail]   |  it is I who am MAD!"
    NASA/GSFC, Code 734.4       |
    Greenbelt, MD 20771         |            - Ren