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- From: bs@gauss.mitre.org (Robert D. Silverman)
- Subject: Re: Uniform noise in d-sphere
- Message-ID: <1992Nov6.202348.23962@linus.mitre.org>
- Sender: news@linus.mitre.org (News Service)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: gauss.mitre.org
- Organization: Research Computer Facility, MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA
- References: <3655@news.cerf.net> <thompson.721070817@daphne.socsci.umn.edu>
- Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 20:23:48 GMT
- Lines: 45
-
- In article <thompson.721070817@daphne.socsci.umn.edu> thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu writes:
- :jcbhrb@nic.cerf.net (Jacob Hirbawi) writes:
- :
- :>In sci.math <1992Nov5.211723.26238@bnlux1.bnl.gov>
- :>Michael Murphy <murphy@sscdaq.phy.bnl.gov> writes:
- :
- :>> I am trying to compute uniformly random noise inside a d-dimensional
- :>> sphere. I have identified two ways of doing so:
- :>>
- :>> [...]
- :
- :>A third method might be the following: use spherical coordinates and
- :>pick uniform random numbers for each of the coordinates with the appropriate
- :>ranges. In three dimensions this would be:
- :
- :> (1) radius uniform over (0,d)
- :> (2) angle1 uniform over (0,2 pi)
- :> (3) angle2 uniform over (0, pi)
- :
- :>This seems to be *too* simple but since I can't think of any point within the
- :>sphere being more favored than any other point I would think that the
- :>distribution is in fact uniform.
- :
- :This does _not_ produce a uniform distribution since (2) and (3) do
- :not generate a uniform (on the sphere) distribution of directions.
-
- Somewhat more technically, it is clear that (r, theta1, theta2) all uniform
- do not yield a uniform distribution. To see this just look at the Jacobian
- of the transformation to Cartesian coordinates. It produces a non-linear
- map to (x,y,z), so if (r,theta1,theta2) are uniform (x,y,z) are not.
-
- If this still isn't clear, look at 2 dimensions (r, theta) --> (x,y)
- means x = r cos theta, y = r sin theta. It is clear that even if
- theta being uniform resulted in cos theta being uniform (it does not),
- one would have that x was the PRODUCT of two uniform r.v.'s. and this
- is definitely not uniform.
-
- Check any elementary book on statistical theory, e.g. Hogg & Craig,
- or Mood, Graybill, Boes.
-
- --
- Bob Silverman
- These are my opinions and not MITRE's.
- Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA 01730
- "You can lead a horse's ass to knowledge, but you can't make him think"
-