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- From: mav@cs.uq.oz.au (Simon Dennis)
- Newsgroups: comp.ai.neural-nets
- Subject: TR: What does the human memory environment look like?
- Message-ID: <11011@uqcspe.cs.uq.oz.au>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 02:33:05 GMT
- Sender: news@cs.uq.oz.au
- Reply-To: mav@cs.uq.oz.au
- Lines: 139
-
-
- The following technical report is available for anonymous ftp.
-
-
- What does the environment look like? Setting the scene for
- interactive models of human memory
-
-
-
- Simon Dennis
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Queensland
-
- Janet Wiles
- Departments of Computer Science and Psychology
- University of Queensland
-
- Michael Humphreys
- Department of Psychology
- University of Queensland
-
-
- Abstract
-
- We set the scene for a class of interactive models of human memory in
- which performance is dependent both on the structure of the
- environment and the structure of the model's mechanism. Such a system
- is capable of learning representations, control processes and decision
- criterion in order to successfully interact with its environment. That
- the (observable) environment is responsible for performance in
- interactive models allows the elimination of assumptions which are
- embedded in the mechanism of current models. Interactive models also
- offer the possibility of addressing the development of the mechanisms
- of memory which are currently poorly understood.
-
- Analyses of the relevant environments of four touchstone phenomena:
- the list strength effect in recognition; the crossed associates
- paradigm; the ABABr paradigm and the word frequency effect in
- recognition were performed to establish the context in which
- interactive accounts of these phenomena must be set. The rational
- model of human memory (Anderson & Milson, 1989) is advocated as a model of
- environmental contingencies and hence of interest to the interactive
- modelers. It is found to be consistent with empirical environmental
- data in the case of the list strength effect and, with some
- modification, in the case of the word frequency effect in recognition.
- While it proved difficult to analyze the relevant environment in the
- cued recall paradigms, the rational model was found to be consistent
- with experimental evidence. The issues involved in the process of
- environmental analysis were explored.
-
-
- Conclusions
-
- Our major purpose has been to set the scene for interactive models of
- human memory and we have done this in three ways. Firstly, we
- addressed the philosophical issue of how a representation attains its
- meaning. We argued that models which have as their basis the physical
- symbol system hypothesis, will encounter difficulties with the symbol
- grounding problem, and will find it difficult to give an account of
- meaning attainment. Interactive models provided a way of avoiding the
- problem.
-
- Secondly, we set the psychological modeling scene by outlining the
- advantages of interactive models as models of human memory. Not only
- do interactive models provide a much needed link to the developmental
- literature, but they also allow mechanistic accounts to shed some of
- their assumptions onto the observable environment.
-
- Thirdly, we have started the task of analyzing the environment. The
- environmental analyses which have been conducted are encouraging
- especially for the recognition paradigms. An environmental analysis of
- the effect of repetition suggests that not only is the main effect of
- repetition on performance accuracy accounted for by a simple
- interactivist account, but the lack of a list strength effect in
- recognition is also a natural consequence of the environmental
- contingencies. The word frequency effect in recognition was also found
- to mirror environmental statistics while the joint information
- paradigms proved difficult to analyze. Rational analysis was successful
- with only minor modification in all cases examined. Given these
- results there is reason to suppose that the environmental approach has
- a valuable contribution to make to the understanding of human memory.
-
- In conclusion then we would like to draw out two important
- implications. Firstly, we reiterate \citeA{Anderson90}, in suggesting
- that memory researchers should divert some of their effort to the
- empirical study of the environment. Secondly, we propose that
- interactive models of memory will be in the best position to take
- advantage of such research.
-
-
-
-
- Ftp instructions:
-
- To retrieve the technical report ftp to exstream.cs.uq.oz.au, cd
- pub/TECHREPORTS/department, change to binary mode and get TR0249.ps.Z.
-
- Example:
-
- $ ftp exstream.cs.uq.oz.au
- Connected to exstream.cs.uq.oz.au.
- 220 exstream FTP server (Version 6.12 Fri May 8 16:33:17 EST 1992) ready.
- Name (exstream.cs.uq.oz.au:mav): anonymous
- 331 Guest login ok, send e-mail address as password.
- Password:
- 230- Welcome to ftp.cs.uq.oz.au
- 230-This is the University of Queensland Computer Science Anonymous FTP server.
- 230-For people outside of the department, please restrict your usage to outside
- 230-of the hours 8am to 6pm.
- 230-
- 230-The local time is Thu Nov 12 11:18:01 1992
- 230-
- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
- ftp> cd pub/TECHREPORTS/department
- 250 CWD command successful.
- ftp> bin
- 200 Type set to I.
- ftp> get TR0249.ps.Z
- 200 PORT command successful.
- 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for TR0249.ps.Z (174928 bytes).
- 226 Transfer complete.
- local: TR0249.ps.Z remote: TR0249.ps.Z
- 174928 bytes received in 1.4 seconds (1.2e+02 Kbytes/s)
- ftp> quit
- 221 Goodbye.
- $
-
- Please address requests for hard copies to:
-
- Simon Dennis
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Queensland 4072
- Australia
-
- --
- Simon Dennis Address: Department of Computer Science
- Email: mav@cs.uq.oz.au University of Queensland
- QLD 4072
- Australia
-