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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!sun-barr!ames!pacbell.com!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Not so Hidden Variables!
- Message-ID: <BuE5uo.J4M@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 02:06:24 GMT
- Lines: 152
-
-
- From Physics Conference Internet (Aug 24,1992, world-wide distribution)
-
- THE QUANTUM SPIN CONNECTION IS A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
-
- by Jack Sarfatti
-
- ABSTRACT
-
- Based upon a referee's report from Physical Review Letters, I present a
- new gedankenexperiment in which the transmitter design is changed in such
- a way that the reflection phase shift of 90 degrees at the beam
- recombiner does not destroy communication on the quantum connection in
- the mean. The difference in the receiver count rates is sin(2misalignment
- of transmitter & receiver calcites) cos(transmitter phase). The
- transformation at the transmitter beam recombiner is unitary. The trick
- is not to have two distinguishable measurements at the transmitter but
- only one. Thus, feed the two output interferograms from the beam
- recombiner into the same specially designed clamped photon counter. The
- clamping, as in the Bohr-Einstein double-slit gedankenexperiment, assures
- the indistinguishablity of the interferograms in the transmitter
- measurement. This is a counter-example to the published proofs that
- unitarity prevents communication on the nonlocal quantum spin connection.
- The published proofs only apply if there is no quantum erasure of
- distinguishability of alternative Feynman histories of the transmitter
- photon in the connected photon pair. The design given here allows the
- cause to be in the future of the effect which may be the basic mechanism
- for the creation and purposeful evolution of what Fred Hoyle calls "the
- Intelligent Universe."
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- The back-to-back photon pair state used in real experiments is
-
- |1,2> = [|1E>|2E> + |1O>|2O>]/sqrt2 (1)
-
- in the bases (E,O) defined by the actual orientation of the transmitter
- calcite rhomb (which spatially splits the 2E path from the 2O path) when
- transmitter photon 2 locally interacts with it. The 2E path passes a
- variable phase plate which sends |2E> -> e^iphi(2)|2E> (phi(2) is the
- modulation variable for encoding the message). External reflection from a
- non-absorbing mirror gives an additional pi phase shift for a TE wave.
- The 2E path is then the I+ input to the transmitter beam recombiner. The
- 2O path passes a half-wave plate set at 45 degrees to the plane of
- polarization of O so that |2O> -> |2E> which is the I- input to the
- transmitter beam recombiner. It is physically obvious and elementary
- physics that the half-wave plate properly oriented rotates the plane of
- polarization by 90 degrees. This is "spin disentanglement" in which the
- half-wave plate quantum erases the polarization distinguishability for
- the alternative Feynman histories of the transmitter photon. The O+(O-)
- outputs of the recombiner are:
-
- |O+> = [- re^iphi(2)|1E> + t|1O>]|2E>/sqrt2 (2a)
-
- |O-> = [- te^iphi(2)|1E> + r|1O>]|2E>/sqrt2 (2b)
-
- The transmitter beam recombiner quantum erases the spatial
- distinguishability for the alternative Feynman histories of the
- transmitter photon.
-
- It is important to notice that the net nonlocal transformation in the
- spin space of the receiver photon 1 is unitary provided that the complex
- reflection r and transmission t transfer functions for the twin
- transmitter photon obey
-
- r*r + t*t = 1 (3a)
-
- r*t + rt* = 0 (3b)
-
- This last equation implies that b = phi(r) - phi(t) = pi/2 as pointed out
- by Aephraim Steinberg and referee A of Physical Review Letters.
-
- The transmitter geometry is such that we superpose |O+> and |O->
- coherently and constructively to get
-
- |O+> + |O-> = {-[re^iphi(2)+te^iphi(2)]|1E> + [r+t]|1O>}|2E>/sqrt2
-
- = [r+t]{-e^iphi(2)|1E> + |1O>}|2E>/sqrt2 (4)
-
- This superposition is automatically normalized to unity by the unitarity
- of equations (3a,b).
-
-
- The important observation is the [r+t] factor that has slipped out in
- front! Now project the receiver photon kets onto the actual base states
- (e,o) of the receiver crystal at the event of local detection of receiver
- photon 1 (where misalignment x is a nonlocal parameter x(1,2) i.e.,the
- angle between (E,O) and (e,o) at the two events in which each photon
- interacts with its crystal).
-
- |1E> = cos(x)|1e> + sin(x)|1o> (5a)
-
- |1O> = -sin(x)|1e> + cos(x)|1o> (5b)
-
- |O+> + |O-> = [r+t]{-e^iphi(2)(cos(x)|1e>+sin(x)|1o>)
-
- + (-sin(x)|1e> + cos(x)|1o>)}|2E>/sqrt2
-
- = {[-e^iphi(2)cos(x)-sin(x)]|1e>
-
- + [-e^iphi(2)sin(x)+cos(x)]|1o>}[r+t]|2E>/sqrt2 (6)
-
- As already noted, unitarity of the lossless beam recombiner
- transformation
-
- [r*+t*][r+t] = 1 (7)
-
- So we can forget it. It plays no further role. Together with
- orthogonality of the spin states <1E|1O> = 0,equation 7 implies that the
- probability to detect the single transmitter counter is 1 (i.e., ideal
- case 100% efficiency). This is the big improvement of the new design over
- my earlier one. This design change was stimulated primarily by the
- remarks of Aephraim Steinberg a grad student in Ray Chiao's group at UCB,
- and also by Brian Josephson, Mike Gallis, Carlton Caves, and John Baez.
-
- Therefore, the receiver count rates are:
-
- p(1e) = {|[-e^iphi(2)cos(x)-sin(x)]|^2}/2
-
- = [1 + sin(2x(1,2))cos(phi(2))]/2 (8a)
-
- p(1o) = {|[-e^iphi(2)sin(x)+cos(x)]|^2}/2 (8b)
-
- = [1 - sin(2x(1,2))cos(phi(2))]/2
-
- p(1e) + p(1o) = 1 (9)
-
- So probability is conserved locally on both sides of the device. The
- quantum connection signal is:
-
- p(1e) - p(1o) = sin(2x(1,2))cos(phi(2)) (10)
-
- In physical terms I am predicting that the receiver light will be
- polarized and that this polarization can be controlled by quantum action
- at-a-distance from the transmitter by changing the setting of the phase
- plate in the transmitter or by rotating the transmitter crystal. In the
- old experiments by Clauser and Aspect the receiver light is always
- unpolarized because there is no quantum erasure of both spin and space
- information for the transmitter photon.
-
- The published proofs forbidding communication on the quantum spin
- connection are wrong. QED!
-
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