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- From: mcirvin@husc8.harvard.edu (Mcirvin)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Rotating Bucket of Water in a Gravitation Field...Part #2
- Message-ID: <mcirvin.715706786@husc8>
- Date: 5 Sep 92 15:26:26 GMT
- References: <4SEP199201521179@zeus.tamu.edu> <12950077@hpspdla.spd.HP.COM>
- Lines: 41
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc8.harvard.edu
-
- ric@hpspdla.spd.HP.COM (Ric Peregrino) writes:
-
- [about the Mach's principle gedankenexperiment in which one rotates
- all the stars and (perhaps) changes which frames are inertial]
-
- >I think this is wrong. Say there was only one star, which was just a
- >flashlight (not much mass compared to the Earth). Now if the rest of
- >the empty universe, containing this flashlight, spun around the Earth,
- >why would you expect to see the water move in the bucket? This flashlight
- >has very little mass and is far from the Earth; it's really just a marker.
-
- The idea behind Mach's principle is that just one star wouldn't do it--
- it takes a universe full of matter surrounding the bucket to define what
- the inertial frames are, or at least a very large amount of matter. In
- that case you certainly can't say, in the context of general relativity,
- that the gravitational effects of all this matter are necessarily small.
- In Newtonian gravity you might be able to argue that the rest of the
- universe, being more or less spherically symmetric, exerts little or no
- force on the water in the bucket. But some GR effects, like gravitational
- time dilation, scale and add up like the *potential* rather than the
- force; a thick spherical shell might well have some effect on stuff
- inside it.
-
- Mach's principle was an important motivating idea for Einstein, and some
- aspects of it do show up in general relativity: rotating objects "drag"
- the inertial frames slightly as they rotate, so the definition of an
- inertial frame does depend on the distribution of matter to some extent.
-
- On the other hand, in GR you can have solutions like Minkowski space,
- in which there is a clear distinction between inertial and non-inertial
- frames, but no matter. A small test bucket in Minkowski space would
- react differently to rotation and non-rotation, without any other matter
- present. This solution requires special boundary conditions, though.
- One way you might think of Mach's principle is the idea that a large
- quantity of matter can act in lieu of boundary conditions.
-
- I think that the general validity of Mach's principle in GR is still a
- matter of debate.
-
- --
- Matt McIrvin, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
-