home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!darwin.sura.net!Sirius.dfn.de!math.fu-berlin.de!informatik.tu-muenchen.de!regent!greil
- From: greil@guug.de (Anton Greil)
- Subject: Gauss Numbers: how to generate them ?
- Message-ID: <greil.715641606@guug.de>
- Keywords: modular group, Picard group, Moebius transformation, hyperbolic space
- Sender: news@regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de (News System)
- Organization: Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 21:20:06 GMT
- Lines: 85
-
-
-
- I suppose, that the following problem is already solved, perhaps in another
- context. I'm not a professional researcher, but only fascinated by the question.
-
- Background:
- ----------
- The Modular Group acts discontinously on the hyperbolic plane, thus
- creating a tesselation of this space. In the boundary of the hyperbolic
- plane - for the half space model this is the completed real axis - all
- the rational numbers are created by the tessalation.
-
- On this ground a process can be organized, which generates each positive
- rational number exactly once.
- This beautiful procedure is named "Stern-Brocot tree" in
- R.L. Graham, D.E. Knuth, O. Patashnik: "Concrete Mathematics",
- Reading Mass. 1989, p.116-123, p.291-292.
- and it is demonstrated there by elementary means.
-
- The homogeneous binary tree of Stern-Brocot corresponds to the free semigroup
- of rank two, where the free generators are two Moebius transformations t1, t2,
- represented by the matrices
-
- m1: (1 1) m2: (1 0)
- (0 1) (1 1) .
-
- Then each Moebius transformation from the generated semigroup maps the
- number 1 to a different positive rational number; and each positive rational
- number is obtained in this way (bijection).
-
-
- Foreground:
- ----------
- The Picard Group acts discontinously on the hyperbolic three-space, it is a
- natural generalization of the Modular Group and it contains the Mod. Group.
- Most works in a strong analogy: on the boundary of hyperbolic three-space
- the Gauss numbers (as quotients of integer Gauss numbers) are created now
- by the tessalation of the Picard Group. This analogy is discussed intensively
- already in
- R. Fricke, F. Klein: "Vorlesungen ueber die Theorie der automorphen
- Funktionen", Leipzig 1897, Vol.1, p. 76-93.
-
- Another reference is
- W. Magnus, "Noneuclidean Tesselations and Their Groups", New York 1974
- (there, on page 177, figure 18 visualizes the Stern-Brocot tree).
-
-
- Problem:
- -------
- Is there a process, which generates each Gauss Number exactly once, in an
- analogy to the Stern-Brocot tree ? (that is: "as free as possible")
-
- This seems to be equivalent to the question:
-
- Which semigroup is generated by the four Moebius transformations t1,t2,t3,t4
- (without their inverses and) represented by the matrices m1, m2, m3, m4
- (where: "i" = imaginary unit)
-
- m1: (1 1) m2: (1 0) m3: (1 i) m4: (1 0)
- (0 1) (1 1) (0 1) (i 1)
-
- How can this semigroup be composed, e.g. as a direct product, a free product
- with amalgamations or something else ?
-
- There can be easily found some relations ("13" stands for "t1*t3", etc.):
- 13 = 31, 24 = 42, 143 = 432, 234 = 341, 343 = 434
- (34)**3 = (43)**3 = identity
-
- Any hints for a solution would be welcome!
-
- -------------
-
- A further natural extension of the problem is:
-
- - how to generate all rational quaternions ?
- - how to generate all rational octaves (CAYLEY algebra) ?
-
- as limit points of the hyperbolic spaces H^5 resp. H^9, created by the
- reflections of the resp. regular polytope with all angles zero, corresponding
- to the zero-angle tetrahedron in H^3.
-
- -------------
-
- Toni Greil, Muenchen (Germany)
- greil@guug.de
-