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- From: tuohy@dune.Eng.Sun.COM (Bill Tuohy)
- Newsgroups: rec.audio
- Subject: Speaker wire and Damping Factor ( Why it's important )
- Message-ID: <lb9jtqINN9hh@exodus.Eng.Sun.COM>
- Date: 14 Sep 92 17:45:30 GMT
- Reply-To: tuohy@dune.Eng.Sun.COM (Bill Tuohy)
- Organization: Sun Microsystems, Inc. Mt. View, Ca.
- Lines: 67
-
- With all the recent discussion of cables (again),
- and no accomanying reasonable arguments either
- way (again), I thought I'd relate the only
- reasonable explanation of cable effects that
- I have read. This is from Speaker Builder,
- 3/92, p. 26-27, "Damping Factor Reviewed"
- by Gary Galo, Contributing Editor.
- The main points of the article follow.
-
-
- Damping Factor (DF) is the ratio between the speaker
- impedance and the amplifier source impedance, at
- the speakers terminals. The amplifier source
- impedance seen by the speakers is the actual amp
- source PLUS the cable resistance.
-
- Practically speaking, damping factor refers to the
- amps ability to control the motion of the speaker cone.
- When the amp sends a signal to the speaker, the cone moves,
- but when the signal changes or disappears, the cone
- may continue to move if not well controlled. This
- will distort the sound, with ringing or overshoot
- on transients, etc. The lower the amp source impedance,
- the closer the cone movement will match the signal.
- Higher source impedance causes the extra movement.
-
- Since amps rarely spec output impedance, you can
- calculate it from the damping factor spec if
- you know your speakers impedance at the frequency
- where the damping factor is speced (typically 50 Hz).
-
- As an example, Galo uses an imaginary amp with a
- DF of 400 at 8 ohms. This means this amp has
- an output impedance of 8/400 = 0.02 ohms. Now
- see what happens with 15' of 16 gauge wire attached.
- Since it's 2-condutcor cable, you actually have
- 30' of wire in the signal path. 30' of 16 ga. is
- about 0.1228 ohms. Add this to the 0.02 ohms of
- the amp, and you get 0.1428 ohms. Now the cable
- resistance is quite significant. The resulting
- DF = 8/0.1428 = 56! The damping factor is reduced
- from 400 to 56 by normal wire!
-
- With 12 ga. wire, the wire impedance is 0.048 ohms,
- and the resulting DF is about 117. This is a big
- difference from 56.
-
- This means that people who compute wire resistance
- of around 0.1 ohms, and say this is insignificant
- compared to the 8 ohm speaker load, are looking
- at it from the wrong end of the wire ( the amp end ).
- You need to look at it from the speaker end of the
- wire, where 0.1 ohms is VERY significant compared
- to amp output impedances that range from 0.1 down to
- 0.01 ohms for the some of the better amps.
-
- Series resistance of crossover components also affects
- DF. This discussion just shows how to keep the
- effects of the wire to a minimum - short runs of
- 12 ga. or better wire. Galo recommends longer
- interconnect from preamp to amp, to shorten speaker
- wire runs, if the preamp can handle the extra capacitcance.
-
-
- Just trying to throw a little gas on the fire...
-
- Bill
-