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- From: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu (Rich Winkel)
- Subject: CHINA'S HISTORY SHOWS DANGERS OF SPREADING POVERTY
- Message-ID: <1992Sep9.004726.3683@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
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- Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 00:47:26 GMT
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- Lines: 123
-
- /** pacnews.sample: 179.0 **/
- ** Topic: Danger of Spreading Poverty **
- ** Written 12:02 pm Sep 8, 1992 by pacificnews in cdp:pacnews.sample **
- From: Pacific News Service <pacificnews>
- Subject: Danger of Spreading Poverty
-
- /* Written 11:59 am Sep 8, 1992 by pacificnews in cdp:pacnews.storie */
- /* ---------- "Danger of Spreading Poverty" ---------- */
- COPYRIGHT PACIFIC NEWS SERVICE
- 450 Mission Street, Room 506
- San Francisco, CA 94105
- 415-243-4364
-
-
-
- COMMENTARY -- 700 WORDS
-
- CHINA'S HISTORY SHOWS DANGERS OF SPREADING POVERTY
-
- EDITOR'S NOTE: Though poverty is spreading rapidly in the U.S. , the
- issue is all but ignored in the current elections. The widespread attitude
- seems to be that the poor are useless -- "tax users as opposed to tax
- producers" in the words of California governor Pete Wilson. China's
- history shows the depths to which a country can fall when its
- government ignores poverty, but its recent economic reforms take the
- precedent setting view that the poor in fact are a resource. PNS editor
- Franz Schurmann, author of several books on modern China, teaches
- history and sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.
-
- BY FRANZ SCHURMANN, PACIFIC NEWS SERVICE
-
- According to the latest Census Bureau figures, 35.7 million people -- or
- 14.2 percent of the U.S. population -- are now poor. Of those, 40 percent
- are children below the age of 16. That suggests the possibility that a few
- decades from now the poor could once again become the majority in
- this country -- unless government intervenes to reverse the poverty
- rate.
-
- History shows many examples of nations which fell from general
- prosperity to pervasive poverty, among which China is possibly the
- most striking example. In the 18th century China was so prosperous
- that it was the envy of European travellers. But not far into the 19th
- century it became one of the poorest nations on earth.
-
- Historians of China cite many causes for this precipitous fall, but one
- stands out: Highly educated, self-satisfied ruling elites who refused to
- see the threat posed by the rising mountain of poverty.
-
- The elites' forbearers had, in 1664, created one of China's most
- successful dynasties, the Qing. Its land policy brought about rural
- prosperity based on a widespread, land-owning, small farmer class.
- There were still plenty of poor in 18th century China, and there were
- peasant rebellions. But by and large people believed that prosperity
- would continue and spread.
-
- By the early 1800s, however, elite concerns had become mainly
- cultural. They preferred to immerse themselves in the highly refined
- arts and scholarship that the dynasty had fostered than to worry about
- irrigation dikes crumbling and threatening entire economies. Poverty
- mushroomed as a result, culminating in the bloody Taiping Rebellion
- (1837-1854) which almost toppled the Qing.
-
- Judging from the current U.S. election campaign, today's elites (with
- the exception of Jack Kemp) have little to say about poverty. The
- Democrats talk of creating jobs and raising skill levels but their aim is
- mainly to improve America's competitiveness in the world market.
- The key beneficiaries of their reforms would be largely middle-class
- people.
-
- The Republicans are stuck in their trickle-down mind-set and simply
- assume that as the current recession ends, a rising tide will lift all boats.
- But the rapid spread of low-wage jobs indicates that a new business
- surge would do little to reverse the rising poverty rate. Even now 40
- percent of the poor over age 15 work, and nine percent have full-time
- jobs.
-
- China was in turmoil for over a century. Today China's aging leaders
- understand that to avoid even worse turmoil the government must
- face up to the nation's poverty. China's poverty is mainly of rural
- origin, so reform began in 1979 with a shift from collective back to
- small family farming.
-
- Recently the leadership has been encouraging the formation of small
- industries located in towns close to rural areas. According to official
- figures, these industries now employ some 100 million. This means
- that fewer people are pouring into the cities and creating seedbeds for
- upheaval.
-
- If these policies really do work as Beijing touts them, it means the
- Chinese octogenarians understand something many American policy
- makers have forgotten: that the poor are a resource, not just a
- maelstrom around the neck of the economy.
-
- One exception among U.S. policy makers is Housing and Urban
- Development Secretary Jack Kemp, whose enterprise zone idea aims at
- employing idle inner-city labor while making a profit for the
- entrepreneur. If more aggressively pursued, this policy could have
- substantial inner-city results. The skillful use of defense policy in
- earlier decades to uplift areas of chronic unemployment shows what
- government can really do to fight poverty.
-
- If Clinton should win in November he could adopt Kemp's ideas but
- beef them up with the power of government, something Republicans
- have been loathe to do. After all, it was the Democratic President
- Lyndon Baines Johnson who in 1964 wrote into the Economic
- Opportunity Act a commitment to eliminate all poverty in the U.S.
-
- The U.S. has something to learn from China, which for over 2,000
- years (though with interruptions), remained one of the most
- prosperous and stable countries in the world. The lesson is that
- government, avoiding the extremes both of totalitarianism and laissez
- faire, does best by its people when it intervenes actively to make certain
- that poverty never gets out of hand.
-
- (09081992) **** END **** COPYRIGHT PNS
-
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- /
-
- ** End of text from cdp:pacnews.sample **
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