home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Path: sparky!uunet!gumby!wupost!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!rich
- From: harelb@math.cornell.edu (Harel Barzilai)
- Subject: Notes on Anarchism (Chomsky, 1970) Notes
- Message-ID: <1992Sep4.233648.16671@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Originator: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Sender: news@mont.cs.missouri.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Organization: ?
- Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 23:36:48 GMT
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Lines: 156
-
-
- **********************************NOTES************************************
-
-
- This essay is a revised version of the introduction to Daniel
- Gu\'erin's _Anarchism: From Theory to Practice_. In a slightly
- different version, it appeared in the _New York Review of Books_, May
- 21, 1970.
-
- [1] Octave Mirbeau, quoted in James Joll, _The Anarchists_, pp.
- 145--6.
-
- [2] Rudolf Rocker, _Anarchosyndicalism_, p. 31.
-
- [3] Cited by Rocker, _ibid_., p. 77. This quotation and that in the
- next sentence are from Michael Bakunin, ``The Program of the
- Alliance,'' in Sam Dolgoff, ed. and trans., _Bakunin on Anarchy_, p.
- 255.
-
- [4] Diego Abad de Santillan, _After the Revolution_, p. 86. In the
- last chapter, written several months after the revolution had begun,
- he expresses his dissatisfaction with what had so far been achieved
- along these lines. On the accomplishments of the social revolution in
- Spain, see my _American Power and the New Mandarins_, chap. 1, and
- references cited there; the important study by Brou\'e and T\'emime
- has since been translated into English. Several other important
- studies have appeared since, in particular: Frank Mintz,
- _L'Autogestion dans l'Espagne r\'evolutionaire_ (Paris: Editions
- B\'elibaste, 1971); C\'esar M. Lorenzo, _Les Anarchistes espagnols et
- le pouvoir, 1868--1969_ (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1969); Gaston
- Leval, _Espagne libertaire, 1936--1939: L'Oeuvre constructive de la
- R\'evolution espagnole_ (Paris: Editions du Cercle, 1971). See also
- Vernon Richards, _Lessons of the Spanish Revolution_, enlarged 1972
- edition.
-
- [5] Cited by Robert C. Tucker, _The Marxian Revolutionary Idea_, in
- his discussion of Marxism and anarchism.
-
- [6] Bakunin, in a letter to Herzen and Ogareff, 1866. Cited by Daniel
- Gu\'erin, _Jeunesse du socialisme libertaire_, p. 119.
-
- [7] Fernand Pelloutier, cited in Joll, _Anarchists_. The source is
- ``L'Anarchisme et les syndicats ouvriers,'' _Les Temps nouveaux_,
- 1895. The full text appears in Daniel Gu\'erin, ed., _Ni Dieu, ni
- Ma\^itre_, an excellent historical anthology of anarchism.
-
- [8] Martin Buber, _Paths in Utopia_, p. 127.
-
- [9] ``No state, however democratic,'' Bakunin wrote, ``not even the
- reddest republic---can ever give the people what they really want,
- i.e., the free self-organization and administration of their own
- affairs from the bottom upward, without any interference or violence
- from above, because every state, even the pseudo-People's State
- concocted by Mr. Marx, is in essence only a machine ruling the masses
- from above, from a privileged minority of conceited intellectuals,
- who imagine that they know what the people need and want better than
- do the people themselves....'' ``But the people will feel no better
- if the stick with which they are being beaten is labeled `the
- people's stick' '' (_Statism and Anarchy_ [1873], in Dolgoff,
- _Bakunin on Anarchy_, p. 338)---``the people's stick'' being the
- democratic Republic.
-
- Marx, of course, saw the matter differently.
-
- For discussion of the impact of the Paris Commune on this
- dispute, see Daniel Gu\'erin's comments in _Ni Dieu, ni Ma\^itre_;
- these also appear, slightly extended, in his _Pour un marxisme
- libertaire_. See also note 24.
-
- [10] On Lenin's ``intellectual deviation'' to the left during 1917,
- see Robert Vincent Daniels, ``The State and Revolution: a Case Study
- in the Genesis and Transformation of Communist Ideology,'' _American
- Slavic and East European Review_, vol. 12, no. 1 (1953).
-
- [11] Paul Mattick, _Marx and Keynes_, p. 295.
-
- [12] Michael Bakunin, ``La Commune de Paris et la notion de
- l'\'etat,'' reprinted in Gu\'erin, _Ni Dieu, ni Ma\^itre_. Bakunin's
- final remark on the laws of individual nature as the condition of
- freedom can be compared to the creative thought developed in the
- rationalist and romantic traditions. See my _Cartesian Linguistics_
- and _Language and Mind_.
-
- [13] Shlomo Avineri, _The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx_,
- p. 142, referring to comments in _The Holy Family_. Avineri states
- that within the socialist movement only the Israeli _kibbutzim_
- ``have perceived that the modes and forms of present social
- organization will determine the structure of future society.'' This,
- however, was a characteristic position of anarchosyndicalism, as
- noted earlier.
-
- [14] Rocker, _Anarchosyndicalism_, p. 28.
-
- [15] See Gu\'erin's works cited earlier.
-
- [16] Karl Marx, _Critique of the Gotha Programme_.
-
- [17] Karl Marx, _Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen \"Okonomie_,
- cited by Mattick, _Marx and Keynes_, p. 306. In this connection, see
- also Mattick's essay ``Workers' Control,'' in Priscilla Long, ed.,
- _The New Left_; and Avineri, _Social and Political Thought of Marx_.
-
- [18] Karl Marx, _Capital_, quoted by Robert Tucker, who rightly
- emphasizes that Marx sees the revolutionary more as a ``frustrated
- producer'' than a ``dissatisfied consumer'' (_The Marxian
- Revolutionary Idea_). This more radical critique of capitalist
- relations of production is a direct outgrowth of the libertarian
- thought of the Enlightenment.
-
- [19] Marx, _Capital_, cited by Avineri, _Social and Political Thought
- of Marx_, p. 83.
-
- [20] Pelloutier, ``L'Anarchisme.''
-
- [21] ``Qu'est-ce que la propri\'et\'e?'' The phrase ``property is
- theft'' displeased Marx, who saw in its use a logical problem, theft
- presupposing the legitimate existence of property. See Avineri,
- _Social and Political Thought of Marx_.
-
- [22] Cited in Buber's _Paths in Utopia_, p. 19.
-
- [23] Cited in J. Hampden Jackson, _Marx, Proudhon and European
- Socialism_, p. 60.
-
- [24] Karl Marx, _The Civil War in France_, p. 24. Avineri observes
- that this and other comments of Marx about the Commune refer
- pointedly to intentions and plans. As Marx made plain elsewhere, his
- considered assessment was more critical than in this address.
-
- [25] For some background, see Walter Kendall, _The Revolutionary
- Movement in Britain_.
-
- [26] _Collectivisations: L'Oeuvre constructive de la R\'evolution
- espagnole_, p. 8.
-
- [27] For discussion, see Mattick, _Marx and Keynes_, and Michael
- Kidron, _Western Capitalism Since the War_. See also discussion and
- references cited in my _At War With Asia_, chap. 1, pp. 23--6.
-
- [28] See Hugh Scanlon, _The Way Forward for Workers' Control_.
- Scanlon is the president of the AEF, one of Britain's largest trade
- unions.
-
- The institute was established as a result of the sixth
- Conference on Workers' Control, March 1968, and serves as a center
- for disseminating information and encouraging research.
-
- [29] Gu\'erin, _Ni Dieu, ni Ma\^itre_, introduction.
-
- [30] _Ibid._
-
- [31] Arthur Rosenberg, _A History of Bolshevism_, p. 88.
-
- [32] Marx, _Civil War in France_, pp. 62--3.
-
-
-