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- From: stevep@lugh.se.hou.compaq.com (Steve Pinn)
- Subject: Re: iAPX432 ??
- Message-ID: <1992Sep8.165800.3512@cliff.se.hou.compaq.com>
- Sender: news@cliff.se.hou.compaq.com (Netnews)
- Organization: Compaq Computer Corporation
- References: <Bu7A2J.B7B@lut.fi> <b0qnybk.tcmay@netcom.com>
- Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 16:58:00 GMT
- Lines: 54
-
- In article <b0qnybk.tcmay@netcom.com>, tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May) writes:
- |> messmer@lut.fi (Willi Messmer) writes:
- |> : Yes, anyone heard about iAPX 432 32-bit cpu from early 80's ?
- |> :
- |> : If so, a brief introduction & history would be nice.
- |>
- |> The 432 project started in 1975 as an effort to build a state of the
- |> art 32-bit processor exploiting Intel's latest processing technology,
- |> then known as "XMOS" but ultimately called HMOS, for high-performance
- |> MOS. (I was at Intel at this time, so excuse the emphasis on the
- |> technology side....in other summaries of the 432 I haven't seen it
- |> given enough attention.)
- |>
- |> The original name was the "8800" and a multi-chip set was planned. As
- |> the chips were so large, and CAD techniques then were primitive, new
- |> CAD systems were developed (also in cooperation with the 8086/80286
- |> team, which also needed them, though not as badly!). (An entire tools
- |> group developed design rule check software, continuity verifications
- |> tools, etc., all long before such things were commercially available.
- |> This played a big role in getting chips like the 8086, 8087, etc. out
- |> ahead of Motorola, which was still laying out the 68000 by hand!)
- |>
- |> Architecturally, the system was variously called "capability-based"
- |> (like some IBM machines, notably the System/38 minicomputer) or
- |> "object-oriented" (as in Smalltalk). Others can say a lot more about
- |> this, including the performance penalties incurred.
- |>
- |> (Despite the various problems, I'll never forget seeing a multiple 432
- |> system running UNIX as processor cards were pulled out of the card
- |> rack...full fault tolerance, in 1981.)
- |>
- |> The 432 set was introduced in 1981 and flopped. Poor performance, a
- |> very large die size, and the complete break from the 8086 family were
- |> probably factors. I think the last chips were sold around 1984, but I
- |> don't think there were ever any notable design wins.
- |>
- |> The 432 project and team lived on in the "Gemini" project, which
- |> became the Intel-Siemens jointly-owned "Biin Computer." The chips
- |> developed had some of the 432 capabilities, but were more efficient
- |> and didn't carry the same "everything is an object" penalty. The chips
- |> are now sold by Intel as the "960" family.
- |>
- |> Biin, which wags immediately dubbed "Billions Invested In Nothing,"
- |> could have succeeded, I think, in the fault tolerant market, but Intel
- |> and Siemens decided to pull the plug. This happened in 1988 or so.
- |>
- |> I hope this summary helps. I'm not a computer architect, so take my
- |> opinions with care. I often cite the 8800/iAPX432/Gemini/Biin/960 saga
- |> when people say the chip industry, or American industry as a whole,
- |> only has a quarter to quarter outlook...this project started when some
- |> readers of this group were in diapers!
- |>
- |
- Tim, wasn't the 432 also ADA Microcoded? -Steve
-