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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!news.funet.fi!hydra!klaava!wirzeniu
- From: wirzeniu@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Lars Wirzenius)
- Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
- Subject: Re: Backups
- Message-ID: <1992Sep11.210107.15662@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
- Date: 11 Sep 92 21:01:07 GMT
- References: <1992Sep11.202337.10427@cs.tulane.edu>
- Organization: University of Helsinki
- Lines: 375
-
- butler@cs.tulane.edu (Larry Butler) writes:
- >How do I make a backup of a file system on to floppies?
-
- I use GNU tar myself. The sources from GNU come with two shell scripts
- that can be used to make backups, level-0 for a full dump, and level-1
- for files changed since the last full dump.
-
- Unfortunately, these scripts don't works right out of the box, since
- they use commands not commonly available on Linux (mt, mail, perhaps
- others). I had to hack at them for a while until they worked. I
- recently offered to mail them to interested parties, and did to all two
- of them, but I guess I'll post too, since there may be more people who
- might use them.
-
- However, please be warned that these scripts have been hacked and that
- they are _ugly_. There is no need to tell it to me. Of course, if you
- happen to find a bug, I'd be glad to hear about it (I have about 18
- months' work depending on this backup strategy, but do _not_ take this
- as a statement of quality: I gamble almost without provocation).
-
- To use them, you need to customize backup-specs, which defines the
- filesystems or directories that will be backed up.
-
- --
- Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi
-
-
- ---8<---cut here for level-0 ---8<---
- #!/bin/sh
- #
- # Run this script as root on the machine that has the tape drive, to make a
- # full dump.
- #
- # If you give `now' as an argument, the dump is done immediately.
- # Otherwise, it waits until 1am, or until the hour given as argument.
- # Specify the hour as a number from 0 to 23.
- #
- # You must edit the file `backup-specs' to set the parameters for your site.
-
- if [ ! -w / ]; then
- echo The backup must be run as root,
- echo or else some files will fail to be dumped.
- exit 1
- else
- false
- fi
-
- # This is undesirable -- rms.
- # rsh albert /usr/local/adm/motd-backup-start
-
- # Get the values of BACKUP_DIRS and BACKUP_FILES, and other variables.
- . ./backup-specs
-
- # Maybe sleep until around specified or default hour.
- #
- if [ "$1" != "now" ]; then
- if [ "$1"x != x ]; then
- spec=$1
- else
- spec=$BACKUP_HOUR
- fi
- pausetime=`date | awk '{hr=substr($4,1,2);\\
- mn=substr($4,4,2);\\
- if((hr+0)<spec)\\
- print 3600*(spec-hr)-60*mn;\\
- else\\
- print 3600*(spec+(24-hr))-60*mn; }' spec=$spec`
- clear
- cat ./dont_touch
- sleep $pausetime
- fi
-
- # start doing things
-
- here=`pwd`
- LOGFILE=log`date '+%m%d'`full
- HOST=`hostname | sed 's/\..*//'`
- TAR_PART1="/bin/tar -c +multi-volume +block=$BLOCKING +sparse +exclude-from -"
- #TAR_PART1="/usr/local/bin/tar -c +multi-volume +one-file-system +block=$BLOCKING "
-
- # Make sure the log file did not already exist. Create it.
-
- if [ -f $LOGFILE ] ; then
- echo Log file $LOGFILE already exists.
- exit 1
- else
- touch $LOGFILE
- fi
-
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE rewind
-
- set $BACKUP_DIRS
- while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do
- host=`echo $1 | sed 's/:.*$//'`
- fs=`echo $1 | sed 's/^.*://'`
- date=`date`
- fsname=`echo $1 | sed 's/\//:/g'`
-
- TAR_PART2="+listed=/etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0 "
- TAR_PART3="+label='Full backup of $fs on $host at $date' -C $fs ."
-
- echo Backing up $1 at $date | tee -a $LOGFILE
-
- # Actually back things up.
-
- if [ $HOST != $host ] ; then
- rsh $host "mkdir /etc/tar-backup 2>/dev/null; \
- rm -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0; \
- $TAR_PART1 -f $HOST:$TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3" \
- 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- mkdir /etc/tar-backup 2>/dev/null
- rm -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0
- # Using `sh -c exec' causes nested quoting and shell substitution
- # to be handled here in the same way rsh handles it.
- echo -n "Insert first volume for $1 and press Enter"; read dummy
- echo "$EXCLUDE_FILES" | tr ' ' '\12' | \
- sh -c "exec $TAR_PART1 -f $TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3" 2>&1 | \
- tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
- echo Backup of $1 failed. | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # I'm assuming that the tar will have written an empty
- # file to the tape, otherwise I should do a cat here.
- else
- if [ $HOST != $host ] ; then
- rsh $host mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- fi
- $TAPE_STATUS | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # sleep 60
- shift
- done
-
- # Dump any individual files requested.
-
- if [ x != "x$BACKUP_FILES" ] ; then
- date=`date`
-
- TAR_PART2="+listed=/etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0"
- TAR_PART3="+label='Full backup of miscellaneous files at $date'"
-
- mkdir /etc/tar-backup 2>/dev/null
- rm -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0
-
- echo Backing up miscellaneous files at $date | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # Using `sh -c exec' causes nested quoting and shell substitution
- # to be handled here in the same way rsh handles it.
- echo -n "Insert first volume for $1 and press Enter"; read dummy
- echo "$EXCLUDE_FILES" | tr ' ' '\12' | \
- sh -c "exec $TAR_PART1 -f $TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3 \
- $BACKUP_FILES" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
- echo Backup of miscellaneous files failed. | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # I'm assuming that the tar will have written an empty
- # file to the tape, otherwise I should do a cat here.
- else
- mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/misc.lev0 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- $TAPE_STATUS | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- echo No miscellaneous files specified | tee -a $LOGFILE
- false
- fi
-
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE rewind
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE offl
-
- echo Sending the dump log to $ADMINISTRATOR
- #cat $LOGFILE | sed -f logfile.sed > $LOGFILE.tmp
- #mail -s "Results of backup on `date`" $ADMINISTRATOR < $LOGFILE.tmp
- (echo ''; echo "Subject: Results of backup on `date`"; echo '';
- cat $LOGFILE) >> /usr/spool/mail/root
-
- # This is undesirable -- rms.
- #rsh albert /usr/local/adm/motd-backup-done &
-
- ---8<---cut here for level-1 ---8<---
- #!/bin/sh
- #
- # Run this script as root on the machine that has the tape drive, to make a
- # level-1 dump containing all files changed since the last full dump.
- #
- # If you give `now' as an argument, the dump is done immediately.
- # Otherwise, it waits until 1am.
- #
- # You must edit the file `backup-specs' to set the parameters for your site.
-
- if [ ! -w / ]; then
- echo The backup must be run as root,
- echo or else some files will fail to be dumped.
- exit 1
- else
- false
- fi
-
- # Get the values of BACKUP_DIRS and BACKUP_FILES, and other variables.
- . ./backup-specs
-
- # Maybe sleep until around specified or default hour.
- #
- if [ "$1" != "now" ]; then
- if [ "$1"x != x ]; then
- spec=$1
- else
- spec=$BACKUP_HOUR
- fi
- pausetime=`date | awk '{hr=substr($4,1,2);\\
- mn=substr($4,4,2);\\
- if((hr+0)<spec)\\
- print 3600*(spec-hr)-60*mn;\\
- else\\
- print 3600*(spec+(24-hr))-60*mn; }' spec=$spec`
- clear
- cat ./dont_touch
- sleep $pausetime
- fi
-
- # start doing things
-
- here=`pwd`
- LOGFILE=log`date '+%m%d'`lev1
- HOST=`hostname | sed 's/\..*//'`
- TAR_PART1="/bin/tar -c +multi-volume +block=$BLOCKING +sparse +exclude-from -"
- #TAR_PART1="/usr/local/bin/tar -c +multi-volume +one-file-system +block=$BLOCKING "
-
- # Make sure the log file did not already exist. Create it.
-
- if [ -f $LOGFILE ] ; then
- echo Log file $LOGFILE already exists.
- exit 1
- else
- touch $LOGFILE
- fi
-
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE rewind
-
- set $BACKUP_DIRS
- while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do
- host=`echo $1 | sed 's/:.*$//'`
- fs=`echo $1 | sed 's/^.*://'`
- date=`date`
- fsname=`echo $1 | sed 's/\//:/g'`
-
- # This filename must be absolute; it is opened on the machine that runs tar.
- TAR_PART2="+listed=/etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1"
- TAR_PART3="+label='level 1 backup of $fs on $host at $date' -C $fs ."
-
- echo Backing up $1 at $date | tee -a $LOGFILE
- echo Last full dump on this filesystem: | tee -a $LOGFILE
-
- if [ $HOST != $host ] ; then
- rsh $host "ls -l /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0; \
- cp /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1" \
- 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- ls -l /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- cp /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
-
- # Actually back things up.
-
- if [ $HOST != $host ] ; then
- rsh $host $TAR_PART1 -f $HOST:$TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- # Using `sh -c exec' causes nested quoting and shell substitution
- # to be handled here in the same way rsh handles it.
- echo -n "Insert first volume for $1 and press Enter"; read dummy
- echo "$EXCLUDE_FILES" | tr ' ' '\12' | \
- sh -c "exec $TAR_PART1 -f $TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3" 2>&1 | \
- tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
- echo Backup of $1 failed. | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # I'm assuming that the tar will have written an empty
- # file to the tape, otherwise I should do a cat here.
- else
- if [ $HOST != $host ] ; then
- rsh $host mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 /etc/tar-backup/$fsname.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- fi
- $TAPE_STATUS | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # sleep 60
- shift
- done
-
- # Dump any individual files requested.
-
- if [ x != "x$BACKUP_FILES" ] ; then
- date=`date`
- TAR_PART2="+listed=/etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1"
- TAR_PART3="+label='Incremental backup of miscellaneous files at $date'"
-
- echo Backing up miscellaneous files at $date | tee -a $LOGFILE
- echo Last full dump of these files: | tee -a $LOGFILE
- ls -l /etc/tar-backup/misc.lev0 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
-
- rm -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- cp /etc/tar-backup/misc.lev0 /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
-
- echo Backing up miscellaneous files at $date | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # Using `sh -c exec' causes nested quoting and shell substitution
- # to be handled here in the same way rsh handles it.
- echo -n "Insert first volume for $1 and press Enter"; read dummy
- echo "$EXCLUDE_FILES" | tr ' ' '\12' | \
- sh -c "exec $TAR_PART1 -f $TAPE_FILE $TAR_PART2 $TAR_PART3 \
- $BACKUP_FILES" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
- echo Backup of miscellaneous files failed. | tee -a $LOGFILE
- # I'm assuming that the tar will have written an empty
- # file to the tape, otherwise I should do a cat here.
- else
- mv -f /etc/tar-backup/temp.lev1 /etc/tar-backup/misc.lev1 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE
- fi
- $TAPE_STATUS | tee -a $LOGFILE
- else
- echo No miscellaneous files specified | tee -a $LOGFILE
- false
- fi
-
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE rewind
- #mt -f $TAPE_FILE offl
-
- echo Sending the dump log to $ADMINISTRATOR
- #cat $LOGFILE | sed -f logfile.sed > $LOGFILE.tmp
- #/usr/ucb/mail -s "Results of backup on `date`" $ADMINISTRATOR < $LOGFILE.tmp
- (echo ''; echo "Subject: Results of backup on `date`"; echo '';
- cat $LOGFILE) >> /usr/spool/mail/root
-
- ---8<--- cut here for backup-specs
- # site-specific parameters for file system backup.
-
- # User name of administrator of backups.
- ADMINISTRATOR=root
-
- # Hour at which backups are normally done.
- # This should be a number from 0 to 23.
- BACKUP_HOUR=1
-
- # Device to use for dumping. It should be on the host
- # on which the dump scripts are run.
- TAPE_FILE=/dev/fd0
-
- # Command to obtain status of tape drive, including error count.
- # On some tape drives there may not be such a command;
- # then simply use `TAPE_STATUS=false'.
- TAPE_STATUS=false
-
- # Blocking factor to use for writing the dump.
- BLOCKING=20
-
- # List of file systems to be dumped.
- # Actually, any directory may be used,
- # but if it has subdirectories on other file systems,
- # they are not included.
-
- # The host name specifies which host to run tar on.
- # It should normally be the host that actually has the file system.
- # If GNU tar is not installed on that machine,
- # then you can specify some other host which can access
- # the file system through NFS.
- # Although these are arranged one per line, that is not mandatory.
- # It does not work to use # for comments within the string.
- BACKUP_DIRS="haven:/"
-
- # List of individual files to be dumped.
- # These should be accesible from the machine on which the dump is run.
- BACKUP_FILES=""
-
- # List of files to be excluded from backups
- EXCLUDE_FILES="swapfile tmp bin lib usr/bin usr/lib usr/tmp msdos/bin mnt"
-