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- Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 13:00:39 EDT
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: "CHARLES W. TUCKER" <N050024@UNIVSCVM.BITNET>
- Subject: Slightly altered copy of Varieties of Manipulation
- Lines: 88
-
- CHUCK TUCKER 920911
-
- RE: Some comments on "Varieties of manipulation"
-
- I have enjoyed and learned from the conversation between Bill,
- Greg, Rick, Ed and several others on the topic of "control
- and manipulation"; it will be useful for my paper: "The Myth
- of Social Control" but I was somewhat startled by Greg's post
- 92090[8] in which he noted that he was concerned with several
- types of "manipulation". I can see what he is concerned with
- but I have seen these as types of "social transactions" and
- have tried to reserve "manipulation " to action which is
- designed "to manage or control (sic) artfully or by a shrewd
- use of influence especially in an unfair and fradulent way"
- (my dictionary's definition). What Greg proposes is that
- what may be considered manipulation from A's perspective is
- not so considered from B's perspective. This would be
- possible if B's did not realize that A had done something
- "unfair or fradulent" even though A intended to defraud B.
- This can happen if B is unaware of the rules or laws, the
- value of an object or service, believes that there is nothing
- amiss (e.g., the people in Homestead, Florida all were told
- that their houses were built to "code" to withstand a hurricane
- but the winds of Andrew revealed that they were told an untruth
- so until Andrew they believed the builder and inspector),
- B is ignorant (e.g., adults deceive children [incest!!] and
- the child doesn't become aware of it until later). I suppose
- there could be instances where A would transact with B and not
- realize that unfairness was involved but this may not fit
- my specification of "manipulation". But, whatever type of
- social transaction, I hope there is agreement that each person
- involved CONTROLS his/her own conduct and what transpires between
- A and B is NOT control.
-
- I noticed today that Bill stated the issue of "control" and
- "influence" this way in 1974 ("The Illusion of Control" in
- LCS:II, pp. 55-66):
-
- We must first distinguish between two sets of
- terms that are ofter used interchangeably when
- the speaker intends to say "control". Going
- with the word "control" are terms like "regulate,
- adjust, set, stablize, direct, guide". All
- these terms apply directly to the behavior of a
- negative feedback control system. Another set
- of verbs is often used loosely when "control" is
- intended: "affect, influence, change, alter,
- impinge upon, stimulate, initiate, drive, cause,
- force".
-
- The first set necessarily implies the second: to
- "regulate," for example, one must necessarily
- "affect". BUT THE SECOND SET DOES NOT ENTAIL
- THE FIRST. We would agree we could INFLUENCE
- the behavior of a watch with a hammer, but we
- would not accept a hammer as a means of REGULATING
- the watch. . . . When one REGULATES the flow
- of water from a facet, he does indeed CHANGE the
- the flow, but he does so relative to a PARTICULAR
- flow that he has in mind. Regulation implies a
- DIRECTED change, a change toward some predeter-
- mined state. (59) [some emphases supplied]
-
- The above relates to what I noted last Spring (not found in the
- issue of CLOSED LOOP on "Social Control") that we ought to get
- our terms specified as best we can in the beginning of our
- conversations. PCT (or HPCT) has special (technical ?!?)
- specifications for the terms: Hierarchy, Perception, Control
- and Theory, i.e., for every major term of the formulation
- we have a specification that varies dramatically from the
- ordinary use of the term and markedly from every other
- formulation.
-
- Much (but not all by any means) of the ambiguity in our
- conversations with others (and apparently ourselves) is
- that we falsely assume agreement on the specification of our
- terms. Yes, words are ambiguious in their "meanings" but
- with all of the other words that each of us has available
- to use it seems that we might be able, for at least a
- moment or two, to try to be more precise and specific in
- what we say to each other. Set those reference levels
- more precisely and narrow the gain thus increasing the
- error and reducing our range of allowable words; let's
- improve our control!
-
- Best regards,
-
- Chuck
-