home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!qt.cs.utexas.edu!yale.edu!ira.uka.de!News.BelWue.DE!eratu.rz.uni-konstanz.de!usenet
- From: peter@mach.physik.uni-konstanz.de (Peter Marzlin)
- Subject: Re: Redshifted light wonders
- Message-ID: <1992Sep2.084230.104785@eratu.rz.uni-konstanz.de>
- Sender: usenet@eratu.rz.uni-konstanz.de
- Organization: Uni Konstanz
- References: <1992Aug30.224446.25468@hellgate.utah.edu>
- Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 08:42:30 GMT
- Lines: 53
-
- In article <1992Aug30.224446.25468@hellgate.utah.edu>
- tolman%asylum.cs.utah.edu@cs.utah.edu (Kenneth Tolman) writes:
- > If the universe is expanding merrily away, and photons fly across
- this,
- > there are some peculiar things that result.... how can these things be
- > resolved?
- >
- > 1) Is there some minimal energy state that a photon can be redshifted
- to?
- > Is there some minimal energy which a photon can have before it
- effectively
- > ceases to exist? (read next question to make more sense of this)
- >
- >
- > 3) Are these photons losing energy for the whole universe? Is energy
- not
- > being conserved, or is it?
-
- An appropriate way to handle those questions theoreticaly is to use
- a general covariant formulation (i.e. gen. relativistic) of quantum
- mechanics (and quantum field theory) . As one can go from nonrelativistic
- QM to special relativistic QM (e.g. Dirac equation instead of
- Schroedinger eq.), that is from QM being invariant under Galilei
- transformations to QM being invariant under Lorentz tranformations, one
- can generalize QM to be invariant under arbitrary coordinate trafos.
- This works also with the classical Maxwell equations, and if one works
- out such a theory one finds that energy is conserved only
- in very special spacetimes (to be definite: those which have a timelike
- Killing vector). Robertson-Walker spacetimes do not belong to this
- class, therefore energy is not conserved.
- The momenta of the photons are continuous, as in flat spacetime, and there
- is, in principle, no minimal level.
-
- > 2) Is there a continuous energy change for a particular photon, or does
- > it get redshifted across jumps? Does not quantum mechanics imply that
- > there are only certain meaningful energy values, and as such would not a
- > photon move from one to the other? If not, this would imply that there
- > would be undetectable photons- high energy photons which did not
- correspond
- > to any absorption frequency of any detection device. Unless of course,
- the
- > detection devices were somewhat forgiving.... is this the case?
-
- To answer this question one has to go one step further and has to use
- quantum field theory in curved spacetime. This theory is
- still under development (since 25 years) and it has some standing
- problems.
- One is that one cannot say where in space a photon interacts
- gravitationally. For spacetimes without the symmetry described above
- it is even harder, sometimes you even don' t know how to define your
- photons in the right way.
-
- peter.
-