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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!das-news!smith
- From: smith@minerva.harvard.edu (Steven Smith)
- Newsgroups: sci.math.num-analysis
- Subject: Re: Newton Raphsons iteration method
- Message-ID: <SMITH.92Sep1154327@minerva.harvard.edu>
- Date: 1 Sep 92 20:43:27 GMT
- Article-I.D.: minerva.SMITH.92Sep1154327
- References: <1992Sep1.094300.2414@nuscc.nus.sg>
- Sender: usenet@das.harvard.edu (Network News)
- Organization: Harvard Robotics Lab, Harvard University
- Lines: 38
- In-Reply-To: suresh@papaya.iss.nus.sg's message of Tue, 1 Sep 1992 09:43:00 GMT
-
- suresh@papaya.iss.nus.sg (Suresh Thennarangam - Research Scholar) writes:
-
- > Newton-Raphson's method can handle non-linear n-dimensional equations
- > with reasonable results given a good starting point. What happens
- > if the system of equations is over-determined ? i.e. M equations in
- > N unknowns where M > N.
- >
- > I used the routine mnewt() from Numerical Recipes ... with SVD as the
- > backbone linear equation solver. It always converged when M <= N but
- > refused to converge when M > N.
- >
- > Any comments about this ? Can NR handle M > N at all or does the
- > algorithm have to modified to make it work ?
-
- Let g: R^n -> R^n. Newton's method is used to determine a point at
- which g vanishes, i.e., it solves the equation g(x) = 0.
-
- Note that if det g' != 0, then the number of points in R^n satisfying
- g(x) = 0 must be finite.
-
- If you have g: R^n -> R^m, m < n, g' full rank, then the equation
- g(x) = 0 determines some subset of dimension n - m in R^n. Newton's
- method may (or may not) converge to any point in this subset. I
- believe that NR gets around the degeneracy of g as map into
- R^m subset R^n by simply not inverting the small singular values
- of g'.
-
- In case m > n, the equation g(x) = 0 may not have a solution.
- Consider, e.g., the map t -> (1+t, 1-t) from R to R^2. Of course
- Newton's method, even the Numerical Recipes version, could not
- converge in such instances.
-
- These ideas are all encapsulated by the implicit function theorem.
-
- Nevertheless, there are methods to minimize the norm of g. See, e.g.,
- Fletcher's _Practical Methods of Optimization_.
-
- Steven Smith
-