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- From: wilson@web.ctron.com (David Wilson)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: Parallel axiom.
- Message-ID: <4891@balrog.ctron.com>
- Date: 28 Aug 92 13:39:49 GMT
- Sender: usenet@balrog.ctron.com
- Reply-To: wilson@web.ctron.com (David Wilson)
- Organization: Cabletron Systems INc.
- Lines: 105
-
-
-
- The book "The Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane"
- by George E. Martin lists the following 26 equivalents to the
- Parallel Postulate within absolute geometry:
-
- Proposition A. Euclid's Parallel Postulate: If A and D are points
- on the same side of segment(BC) such that measure(angle(ABC)) +
- measure(angle(BCD)) < pi, then ray(BA) intersects ray(CD).
-
- Proposition B. Euclid's Proposition I.29: If A and D are points on
- the same side of line(BC) and line(BA) || line(CD), then
- measure(angle(ABC)) + measure(angle(BCD)) = pi.
-
- Proposition C. Euclid's Proposition I.30: l || m and m || n
- implies l || n for lines l, m, n. (Lines parallel to a given
- line are parallel.)
-
- Proposition D. Contrapositive to Euclid's Proposition I.30: A
- third line intersecting one of two parallel lines intersects
- the other.
-
- Proposition E. Euclid's Proposition I.31, Playfair's Parallel
- Postulate: If a point P is off line l, then there exists a
- unique line through P parallel to l.
-
- Proposition F. A line perpendicular to one of two parallel lines
- is perpendicular to the other.
-
- Proposition G. l || m, r is perpendicular to l, and s is
- perpendicular to m implies r || s for lines l, m, r, s.
-
- Proposition H. The perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a
- triangle are concurrent.
-
- Proposition I. There exists a circle passing through any three
- noncollinear points.
-
- Proposition J. There exists a point equidistant from any three
- noncollinear points.
-
- Proposition K. A line intersecting and perpendicular to one ray of
- an acute angle intersects the other ray.
-
- Proposition L. Through any point in the interior of an angle there
- exists a line intersecting both rays of the angle not at the
- vertex.
-
- Proposition M. Euclid's Proposition I.32: The sum of the measures
- of the angles of any triangle is pi. The measure of an exterior
- angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the
- remote interior angles.
-
- Proposition N. Theorem of Thales: If point C is off segment(AB),
- but on the circle with diameter segment(AB), then angle(ABC) is
- right.
-
- Proposition O. If angle(ABC) is right, then C is on the circle with
- diameter segment(AB)>
-
- Proposition P. The perpendicular bisectors of the legs of a right
- triangle intersect.
-
- Proposition Q. l is perpendicular to r, r is perpendicular to s, and
- s is perpendicular to m implies l intersects m for all l, m, r, s.
-
- Proposition R. There exists an acute angle such that every line
- intersecting and perpendicular to one ray of the angle intersects
- the other ray.
-
- Proposition S. There exists an acute angle such that every point
- in the interior of the angle is on a line intersecting both
- rays of the angle.
-
- Proposition T. There exists one triangle such that the sum of the
- measures of its angles is pi.
-
- Proposition U. There exists one triangle with defect 0. [The defect
- of a triangle is pi less the sum of the measures of the angles of
- the triangle. This is a restatement of Proposition T].
-
- Propositoin V. Saccheri's Hypothesis of the Right Angle: There
- exists a rectangle. [The Hypothesis of the Acute (Obtuse) Angle:
- There exists a quarilateral with two adjacent right angles and
- two adjacent acute (obtuse) angles. These apply to the hyperbolic
- and elliptic planes, respectively.]
-
- Proposition W. There exist two lines l and m such that l is
- equidistant from m [all points of l are at a constant positive
- distance from m].
-
- Proposition X. If three angles of a quadrilateral are right, then
- so is the fourth.
-
- Proposition Y. There is some line l and some point P off l such that
- a unique line parallel to l passes through P.
-
- Proposition Z. There exist a pair of similar noncongruent triangles.
-
-
- --
- David W. Wilson (wilson@ctron.com)
-
- Disclaimer: "Truth is just truth...You can't have opinions about truth."
- - Peter Schikele, introduction to P.D.Q. Bach's oratorio "The Seasonings."
-