NetNews Usenet Archive 1992 #19/NN_1992_19.iso/spool/comp/windows/x/15972

Internet Message Format | 1992-09-01 | 49.1 KB

Xref: sparky comp.windows.x:15972 news.answers:2707
Newsgroups: comp.windows.x,news.answers
Path: sparky!uunet!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!paperboy.osf.org!osf.org!dbl
From: [e-mail] (David B. Lewis)
Subject: comp.windows.x Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 2/4
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Followup-To: poster
Summary: useful information about the X Window System
Sender: [e-mail] (USENET News System)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (X FAQ maintenance address)
Organization: Open Software Foundation
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 14:19:05 GMT
Approved: [e-mail]
Expires: Thu, 01 Oct 1992 00:00:00 GMT
Lines: 1066

Archive-name: x-faq/part2
Last-modified: 1992/08/30


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  31)  How can I use characters above ASCII 127 in xterm ?

    In order to use special characters such as the o-umlaut, you need to
"stty pass8" but also to use a charcell ISO8859 font, such as
    XTerm*font:     -*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-130-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1
    XTerm*boldfont:    -*-*-bold-r-normal-*-*-130-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1
[The family is intentionally unspecified in this example.]

In addition, you may want to set this in your shell:
    setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1

        For a given character above 127, you can determine the key to use with
the Alt modifier by finding the equivalent character below 127 (try using
`man ascii`). For example, o-umlaut (v) is Alt-v and the section character (')
is Alt-'.

[thanks to Greg Holmberg ([e-mail]) and Stephen Gildea
([e-mail]); 6/92]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  32)  Why are my xterm menus so small?

    You are probably setting the geometry small accidentally. If you give
a resource specification like this:
        xterm*geometry: 80x24
then you are asking for all widgets under xterm to have their geometry set to
80x24. For the main window, this is OK, as it uses characters for its size.
But its popup menus don't; they are in pixels and show up small. To set only
the terminal widget to have the specified geometry, name it explicitly:
        xterm*VT100.geometry: 80x24

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  33)  How can I print the current selection?

    You could paste it into an xterm after executing the lpr command.
However, a program by Richard Hesketh ([e-mail]) specifically for
manipulating the selection will help; e.g.
    % xselection PRIMARY | lpr
finds the primary selection and prints it. This command can be placed in a
window-manager menu or in shell-scripts. xselection also permits the setting of
the selection and other properties. A version is on export.
    Also available is ria.ccs.uwo.ca:pub/xget_selection.tar.Z, which can be
adapted to do this.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  34)! How does Xt use environment variables in loading resources?

    You can use several environment variables to control how resources are
loaded for your Xt-based programs -- XFILESEARCHPATH, XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, and
XAPPLRESDIR.  These environment variables control where Xt looks for
application-defaults files as an application is initializing.  Xt loads at most
one app-defaults file from the path defined in XFILESEARCHPATH and another from
the path defined in XUSERFILESEARCHPATH.

    Set XFILESEARCHPATH if software is installed on your system in such a
way that app-defaults files appear in several different directory hierarchies.
Suppose, for example, that you are running Sun's Open Windows, and you also
have some R4 X applications installed in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults. You could
set a value like this for XFILESEARCHPATH, and it would cause Xt to look up
app-defaults files in both /usr/lib/X11 and /usr/openwin/lib (or wherever your
OPENWINHOME is located):
    setenv XFILESEARCHPATH /usr/lib/X11/%T/%N:$OPENWINHOME/lib/%T/%N

    The value of this environment variable is a colon-separated list of
pathnames.  The pathnames contain replacement characters as follows:
    %T        the literal string "app-defaults" [works only in
            XFILESEARCHPATH]
    %N        application class name
    %C        customization resource (R5 only)
    %L        language, locale, and codeset (e.g. "ja_JP.EUC")
    %l        language part of %L  (e.g. "ja")

    Let's take apart the example.  Suppose the application's class name is
"Myterm". Also, suppose Open Windows is installed in /usr/openwin. (Notice the
example omits locale-specific lookup.)
    /usr/lib/X11/%T/%N        means /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Myterm
    $OPENWINHOME/lib/%T/%N    means /usr/openwin/lib/app-defaults/Myterm

    As the application initializes, Xt tries to open both of the above
app-defaults files, in the order shown.  As soon as it finds one, it reads it
and uses it, and stops looking for others.  The effect of this path is to
search first in /usr/lib/X11, then in /usr/openwin.

    Let's consider another example. This time, let's set
XUSERFILESEARCHPATH so it looks for the file Myterm.ad in the current working
directory, then for Myterm in the directory ~/app-defaults.
    setenv XUSERFILESEARCHPATH ./%N.ad:$HOME/app-defaults/%N

    The first path in the list expands to ./Myterm.ad.  The second expands
to $HOME/app-defaults/Myterm.  This is a convenient setting for debugging
because it follows the Imake convention of naming the app-defaults file
Myterm.ad in the application's source directory, so you can run the application
from the directory in which you are working and still have the resources loaded
properly.

    With R5, there's another twist.  You may specify a customization
resource value.  For example, you might run the "myterm" application like this:
    myterm -xrm "*customization: -color"

    If one of your pathname specifications had the value
"/usr/lib/X11/%T/%N%C" then the expanded pathname would be
"/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Myterm-color" because the %C substitution character
takes on the value of the customization resource.

    The default XFILESEARCHPATH, compiled into Xt, is:
        /usr/lib/X11/%L/%T/%N%C:\  (R5)
        /usr/lib/X11/%l/%T/%N%C:\  (R5)
        /usr/lib/X11/%T/%N%C:\     (R5)
        /usr/lib/X11/%L/%T/%N:\
        /usr/lib/X11/%l/%T/%N:\
        /usr/lib/X11/%T/%N

    (Note: some sites replace /usr/lib/X11 with a ProjectRoot in
this batch of default settings.)

    The default XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, also compiled into Xt, is
        <root>/%L/%N%C:\  (R5)
        <root>/%l/%N%C:\  (R5)
        <root>/%N%C:\     (R5)
        <root>/%L/%N:\
        <root>/%l/%N:\
        <root>/%N:

    <root> is either the value of XAPPLRESDIR or the user's home directory
if XAPPLRESDIR is not set.  If you set XUSERFILESEARCHPATH to some value other
than the default, Xt ignores XAPPLRESDIR altogether.

    Notice that the quick and dirty way of making your application find
your app-defaults file in your current working directory is to set XAPPLRESDIR
to ".", a single dot.  In R3, all this machinery worked differently; for R3
compatibilty, many people set their XAPPLRESDIR value to "./", a dot followed
by a slash.

[Thanks to Oliver Jones ([e-mail]), 6/92, Peter Ware 8/92]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  35)  How to I have the R4 xdm put a picture behind the log-in window?

The answer lies in changing xdm's xrdb resource in the xdm-config file to run a
program to change the background before loading the resources; for example,
your /usr/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-config file may add the line
    DisplayManager.0.authorize: false
to permit unrestricted access to the display before log-in (beware!) and also
    DisplayManager*xrdb:    /usr/lib/X11/xdm/new.xrdb
where that file does something (for all connections) along the lines of:
    #!/bin/sh
    #comes in with arguments: -display :0 -load /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xresources
    /usr/bin/X11/xsetroot -display $2 -bitmap /usr/lib/X11/xdm/new.bitmap
    /usr/bin/X11/xrdb $*
Substitute xloadimage or xv for xsetroot, to taste.  Note that this is a
general hack that can be used to invoke a console window or any other client.

[Thanks to Jay Bourland ([e-mail]), 9/91]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  36)  Why isn't my PATH set when xdm runs my .xsession file?

    When xdm runs your .xsession it doesn't source your .cshrc or .login
files. You can set the path explicitly as you normally could for any SH script;
or you can place all environment-setting statements in a separate file and
source it from both the .xsession file and your shell configuration file; or,
if you set your PATH in your .cshrc file, the normal place, you can make your
.xsession have PATH set simply by making it a csh script, i.e. by starting
your .xsession file off with "#!/bin/csh".
    If this doesn't work, also try starting off with:
        #!/bin/sh
        # Reset path:
        PATH=`csh -c 'echo $PATH'` ; export PATH

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  37)  How do I keep my $DISPLAY when I rlogin to another machine?

    There are several ways to avoid having to do a "setenv DISPLAY ..."
whenever you log in to another networked UNIX machine running X.
    One solution is to use the clients/xrsh on the R5 contrib tape.  It
includes xrsh, a script to start an X application on remote machine, and
xrlogin, a script to start a local xterm running rlogin to a remote machine.
A more recent version is on export in xrsh-5.4.shar.
    One solution is to use the xrlogin program from der Mouse
([e-mail]). You can ftp caveat-emptor versions from
132.206.1.1, in X/xrlogin.c and X/xrlogind.c. The program packages up $TERM and
$DISPLAY into a single string, which is stuffed into $TERM.  rlogin then
propagates $TERM normally; your .cshrc on the remote machine should contain
        eval `xrlogind`
where xrlogind is a program that checks $TERM and if it is of the special
format it recognizes, unpacks it and spits out setenv and unsetenv commands to
recreate the environment variables. [11/90]

    In addition, if all you need to do is start a remote X process on
another host, and you find
        rsh <HOST> -n /usr/bin/X11/xterm -display $DISPLAY
too simple (DISPLAY must have your real hostname), then this version of xrsh
can be used to start up remote X processes. The equivalent usage would be
        xrsh <HOST> xterm

  #! /bin/sh
  # start an X11 process on another host
  # Date: 8 Dec 88 06:29:34 GMT
  # From: Chris Torek <[e-mail]>
  # rsh $host -n "setenv DISPLAY $DISPLAY; exec $@ </dev/null >&/dev/null"
  #
  # An improved version:
  # rXcmd (suggested by John Robinson, [e-mail])
  #       (generalized for sh,ksh by Keith Boyer, [e-mail])
  #
  # but they put the rcmd in ()'s which left zombies again.  This
  # script combines the best of both.

  case $# in
  [01])  echo "Usage: $0 host x-cmd [args...]";;
  *)
      case $SHELL in
      *csh*)  host="$1"; shift
          xhost "$host" > /dev/null
          rsh "$host" -n \
              "setenv TERM xterm; setenv DISPLAY `hostname`:0; \
              exec $* </dev/null >& /dev/null" &
          ;;
      *sh)
          host="$1"; shift
          xhost "$host" > /dev/null
          rsh "$host" -n \
              "TERM=xterm export TERM; \
              DISPLAY=`hostname`:0 export DISPLAY; \
              LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/X11/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH; \
              PATH=\$PATH:/usr/X11/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin; \            export PATH; \
              exec $* < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1" &
          ;;
      esac
      ;;
  esac

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  38)  How can I design my own font?

    One way is to use the "bitmap" client or some other bitmap-editor (e.g.
Sun's icon-editor tool, post-processed with pbmplus) to design the individual
characters and then to do some large amount of post-processing to concatenate
them into the BDF format. See Ollie Jones's article in the November 91 X
Journal for more information.
    The R3 contrib/ area (in fonts/utils/ and in clients/xtroff) contained
a number of useful utilities, including some to convert between BDF font format
and a simple character format which can be edited with any text editor.
    An easier way is to use the "xfed" client to modify an existing font; a
version is on the R4 or R5 X11R5 contrib tape in contrib/clients/xfed. Xfed is
available for anonymous ftp on ftp.Informatik.Uni-Dortmund.DE [129.217.64.63],
possibly as file /pub/windows/X/Diverse-X11-Sourcen/xfed.tar.Z. It can produce
BDF-format fonts which can be compiled for a variety of X servers.
    The xfedor client from Group Bull permits creation of bitmaps, cursors,
XPM1 pixmaps, and fonts. Binaries for common machines are on avahi.inria.fr in
/pub; in addition, the sources (an old Xlib implementation) have been placed
[5/91] in export:/contrib.
    If you are a MetaFont user you can use "mftobdf" from the SeeTeX
distribution to convert PK, GF, and PXL fonts to BDF format; the distribution
is on foobar.colorado.edu and on export.lcs.mit.edu.
    The GNU package fontutils-0.4.tar.Z on prep.ai.mit.edu includes xbfe,
a font editor, and a number of utilities for massaging font formats.
    The O'Reilly X Resource issue #2 contains an article on using these
tools to modify a font.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  39)  Why does adding a font to the server not work?

    After you have built the font using your system's font-compiler,
installed it in some directory, and run `mkfontdir` or your system's equivalent
(e.g. bldfamily for OpenWindows) in that directory, be sure to use `xset +fp
$dir` to add that full path-name to the server's font-path, *or* if the
directory is already in the path, use `xset fp rehash` so that the new fonts in
that directory are actually found; it is this last step that you're probably
leaving out. (You can also use `xset q` to make sure that that directory is in
the path.)
    Sometimes your "xset +fp $dir" command fails with a BadValue error:
X Error of failed request:BadValue(integer parameter out of range for operation)
  Major opcode of failed request:  51 (X_SetFontPath)

    This means the X server cannot find or read your font directory, or
that your directory does not look like a font directory to the server.  (The
mention of an "integer parameter" in the message is spurious.)

-- Is the font directory you're specifying readable from the SERVER's file
   system?  Remember, it's the server, not the client, which interprets your
   font directory.  Trouble in this area is especially likely when you issue an
   xset command with shell metacharacters in it (e.g. "xset +fp ~/myfonts") and
   the server is an X terminal or managed by xdm.

-- Is the directory really a font directory?  If you're running an MIT server
   (or most varieties of vendor servers) look in the directory for the file
   "fonts.dir".  If you can't find that file, run mkfontdir(1).  (If you're
   running OpenWindows, look for the file "Families.list".  If you can't find
   it, run bldfamily(1).)

-- If you're in a site where some people run X11Rn servers and others run a
   proprietary server with nonstandard font formats (OpenWindows, for
   example), make sure the font directory is right for the server you're using.
   Hint: if the directory contains .pcf and/or .snf files, it won't work for
   Open Windows.  If the directory contains .ff and/or .fb files, it won't work
   for X11Rn.

[thanks to der Mouse ([e-mail]) and to Oliver Jones
([e-mail]); 7/92 ]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  40)  How do I convert a ".snf" font back to ".bdf" font?

    A tool called "snftobdf 1.4" is part of the bdftools package, which is
available from export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/bdftools.tar.Z and from
crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/bdftools.tar.Z. Sources have been posted to fj.sources on
JUNET and should be appearing on comp.sources.x. [2/91]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  41)  What is a general method of getting a font in usable format?

    der Mouse's getbdf is one solution; it connects to a server and
produces a .BDF file for any font the server is willing to let it.  It can be
used as an anything-to-BDF converter, but requires access to a server that can
understand the font file, thus is both more and less powerful than other tools
such as snftobdf. getbdf is on 132.206.1.1 in X/getbdf.c or available via mail
from [e-mail]. [5/91]
    In addition, the R5 program "fstobdf" can produce bdf for any font that
the R5 server has access to.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  42)  How do I use DECwindows fonts on my non-DECwindows server?

    The DECwindows fonts typically don't exist on a non-DEC installation,
but rewrite rules can be used to alias fonts used by DECwindows applications to
standard MIT fonts of similar characteristics and size. Pick up the file
contrib/DECwindows_on_X11R4_font.aliases from export.lcs.mit.edu; this file is
for a standard MIT R4 server.  It can also serve as a starting point for
creating a similar aliases file for the Open Windows server or other servers
which do not use the MIT font scheme.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  43)  How do I add ".bdf" fonts to my DECwindows server?

    The format of fonts preferred by DEC's X server is the ".pcf" format.
You can produce this compiled format from the .bdf format by using DEC's dxfc
font-compiler. Note that the DEC servers can also use raw .bdf fonts, with a
performance hit.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  44)! How can I set the backgroundPixmap resource in a defaults file?
I want to be able to do something like this:
    xclock*backgroundPixmap:      /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/rootweave

    You can't do this. The backgroundPixmap resource is a pixmap of the
same depth as the screen, not a bitmap (which is a pixmap of depth 1). Because
of this, writing a generic String to Pixmap converter is impossible, since
there is no accepted convention for a file format for pixmaps. Therefore,
neither the X Toolkit or the Athena widget set define a String to Pixmap
converter, because there is no converter you cannot specify this value as a
resource.  The Athena widget set does define a String to Bitmap converter for
use in many of its widgets, however.
[courtesy Chris D. Peterson (now [e-mail]), 4/90]

However:
    A specific converter which encapsulates much of the functionality of
the xloadimage package by Jim Frost was posted 12/90 by Sebastian Wangnick
([e-mail]); it permits loading of a number of
image formats as a pixmap.

    The leading general-purpose format for pixmaps is the XPM format used
by Groupe Bull in several of its programs, including the GWM window manager, by
AT&T in its olpixmap editor, and by ICS in its interface builder. XPM
distribution, available on export as contrib/xpm.tar.Z, includes read/write
routines which can easily be adapted to converters by new widgets which want to
allow specification of pixmap resources in the above manner.  See information
on the xpm-talk mailing list above. XPM 3.0c was announced in 10/91 and is
available from export.lcs.mit.edu and avahi.inria.fr; it should be on the R5
contrib tape. XPM 3.2a is now available. [8/92]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  45)  Why can't I override translations? Only the first item works.

    You probably have an extra space after the specification of the first
item, like this:
    basic*text.translations:  #override \
    Ctrl<Key>a:    beginning-of-line() \n\
    Ctrl<Key>e:    end-of-line()
                          ^ extra space
The newline after that space is ending the translation definition.
[Thanks to Timothy J. Horton, 5/91]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  46)  How can I have xclock or oclock show different timezones?

    One solution is xchron, in Volume 6 of comp.sources.x, which can show
the time for timezones other than the local one.
    Alternatively, you can probably set the timezone in the shell from
which you invoke the xclock or oclock, or use a script similar to this:
    #!/bin/sh
    TZ=PST8PDT xclock -name "Point_Reyes_Station_CA" 2> /dev/null &
    TZ=EST5EDT xclock -name "King_of_Prussia_PA" 2> /dev/null &

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  47)  I have xmh, but it doesn't work. Where can I get MH?

    The xmh mail-reader requires the Rand MH mail/message handling system,
which is not part of the UNIX software distribution for many machines. A list
of various ftp, uucp, e-mail and US-mail sites for both xmh and MH is given in
the monthly MH FAQ; one source is ics.uci.edu in the file pub/mh/mh-6.7.tar.Z.
If you do not receive the comp.mail.mh newsgroup or the MH-users mailing list,
you can request a copy of the FAQ, which also includes a section on xmh,
by sending mail to [e-mail] containing the request
"send usenet/news.answers/mh-faq".

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  48)  Why am I suddenly unable to connect to my Sun X server?
After a seemingly random amount of time after the X server has been started, no
other clients are able to connect to it.

    The default cron cleanup jobs supplied by Sun (for 4.0.3, at least)
delete "old" (unreferenced) files from /tmp -- including /tmp/.X11-unix, which
contains the socket descriptor used by X. The solution is to add "! -type s" to
the find exclusion in the cron job.
[10/90]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  49)  Why don't the R5 PEX demos work on my mono screen?

The R5 sample server implementation works only on color screens, sorry.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  50)+ How do I get my Sun Type-4 keyboard fully supported by Xsun?

Many users wants the Num Lock key to light the Num Lock LED and have the
appropriate effect on the numeric keypad. The Xsun server as distributed by MIT
doesn't do this but there are two different patches available.

The first patch is written by Jonathan Lemon and fixes the Num Lock related
problems. It is available from export.lcs.mit.edu in the file
contrib/Xsun-R5.numlock_patch.Z .

The second is written by Martin Forssen and fixes the Num Lock and Compose keys
and adds support for the different national keyboard layouts for Type-4 and
Type-5 keyboards. This patch is available from export.lcs.mit.edu in
contrib/sunkbd.tar.Z or via email from [e-mail].

[thanks to Martin Forssen ([e-mail] or [e-mail]), 8/92]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  51)  How do I report bugs in X?

    Generally, report bugs you find to the organization that supplied you
with the X Window System. If you received the R5 source distribution directly
from MIT, please read the file mit/bug-report for instructions. [Look in
mit/doc/bugs/bug-report in R4.]

[Thanks to Stephen Gildea <[e-mail]>, 5/91; 12/91]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  52)  Why do I get "Warning: Widget class version mismatch"?

    This error, which typically goes on to say, "widget 11004 vs.
intrinsics 11003" indicates that the header files you included when building
your program didn't match the header files that the Xt library you're linking
against was built with; check your -I include path and -L link-path to be sure.
    However, the problem also occurs when linking against a version of the
X11R4 Xt library before patch 10; the version number was wrong. Some Sun OW
systems, in particular, were shipped with the flawed version of the library,
and applications which link against the library typically give the warnings you
have seen.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  53)  Where can I find a dictionary server for xwebster?

    Webster's still owns the copyright to the on-line copies of Webster's
Dictionary which are found at various (university) sites. After it became aware
that these sites were then acting as servers for other sites running xwebster
and gnuemacs-webster, it asked that server sites close off external access.
    [The NeXT machine apparently is also licensed to have the dictionary. A
Webster daemon for NeXT machines is available from iuvax.cs.indiana.edu
(129.79.254.192) in "pub/webster/NeXT-2.0".]
    Unless you want to get a legal on-line copy yourself or can find a site
which can grant you access, you are probably out of luck.

    However, if you are a legitimate site, you'll want to pick up the
latest xwebster, as-is on export:contrib/xwebster.tar.Z [10/91]; the file
xwebster.README includes discussions of the availability, illegality, and
non-availability of dictionary servers.

[courtesy [e-mail] (Steve Miller) and [e-mail] (Niels
Mayer) 11/90]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  54)  TOPIC: OBTAINING X AND RELATED SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  55)  Is X public-domain software?

    No. The X software is copyrighted by various institutions and is not
"public domain", which has a specific legal meaning. However, the X
distribution is available for free and can be redistributed without fee.
    Contributed software, though, may be placed in the public domain by
individual authors.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  56)! How compatible are X11R3, R4, and R5? What changes are there?

The Release Notes for each MIT release of X11 specify the changes from the
previous release.  The X Consortium tries very hard to maintain compatibility
across releases.  In the few places where incompatible changes were necessary,
details are given in the Release Notes.  Each X11 distribution site on the
network also offers the Release Notes that go with the release they offer; the
file typically can be found at the top of the distribution tree.

[Stephen Gildea, 1/92]

The comp.windows.x.intrinsics FAQ-Xt lists Xt differences among these versions.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  57)! Where can I get X11R5 (source and/or binaries)?

Information about MIT's distribution of the sources on 6250bpi and QIC-24 tape
and its distribution of hardcopy of the documents is available from
Software Center, Technology Licensing Office, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 28 Carleton Street, Room E32-300, Cambridge MA 02142-1324,
phone: [phone].

You will need about 100Mb of disk space to hold all of Core and 140MB to hold
the Contrib software donated by individuals and companies.

PLEASE use a site that is close to you in the network.

Note that the RELEASE notes are generally available separately in the same
directory; the notes list changes from previous versions of X and offer a
guide to the distribution.

              North America anonymous FTP:

California    gatekeeper.dec.com        pub/X11/R5
        16.1.0.2
California    soda.berkeley.edu        pub/X11R5
        128.32.131.179
Indiana        mordred.cs.purdue.edu        pub/X11/R5
        128.10.2.2
Maryland    ftp.brl.mil            pub/X11R5
        128.63.16.158
        (good for MILNET sites)
Massachusetts    crl.dec.com            pub/X11/R5
        192.58.206.2
Massachusetts    export.lcs.mit.edu        pub/R5
        18.24.0.12
        (crl.dec.com is better)
Michigan    merit.edu            pub/X11R5
        35.1.1.42
Missouri    wuarchive.wustl.edu        packages/X11R5
        128.252.135.4
Montana        ftp.cs.montana.edu        pub/X.V11R5
        192.31.215.202
New Mexico    pprg.eece.unm.edu        pub/dist/X11R5
        129.24.24.10
New York    azure.acsu.buffalo.edu        pub/X11R5
        128.205.7.6
North Carolina    cs.duke.edu            dist/sources/X11R5
        128.109.140.1
Ohio        ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu        pub/X.V11R5
        128.146.8.52
Ontario        ftp.cs.utoronto.ca        pub/X11R5
        128.100.1.105
Washington DC    x11r5-a.uu.net            X/R5
        192.48.96.12
Washington DC    x11r5-b.uu.net            X/R5
        137.39.1.12

           Europe/Middle East/Australia anonymous FTP:

Australia    munnari.oz.au            X.V11/R5
        128.250.1.21
Denmark        freja.diku.dk            pub/X11R5
        129.142.96.1
United Kingdom    src.doc.ic.ac.uk        graphics/X.V11R5
        146.169.3.7
        hpb.mcc.ac.uk            pub/X11r5
        130.88.200.7
Finland        nic.funet.fi            pub/X11/R5
        128.214.6.100
France        nuri.inria.fr            X/X11R5
        128.93.1.26
Germany        ftp.germany.eu.net        pub/X11/X11R5
        192.76.144.129
Israel        cs.huji.ac.il            pub/X11R5
        132.65.6.5
Italy        ghost.sm.dsi.unimi.it        pub/X11R5
        149.132.2.1
Netherlands    archive.eu.net            windows/X/R5
        192.16.202.1
Norway        ugle.unit.no            pub/X11R5
        129.241.1.97
Norway        nac.no                pub/X11R5
        129.240.2.40
Switzerland    nic.switch.ch            software/X11R5
        130.59.1.40

             Japan anonymous FTP:

Kanagawa    sh.wide.ad.jp            X11R5
        133.4.11.11
Kwansai        ftp.ics.osaka-u.ac.jp        X11R5
        133.1.12.30
Kyushu        wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp        X11R5
        133.4.14.3
TISN        utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp        X11R5
        133.11.11.11
Tokyo        kerr.iwanami.co.jp        X11R5
        133.235.128.1
Tokyo        scslwide.sony.co.jp        pub/X11R5
        133.138.199.1

                UUCP:

uunet        for UUNET customers        ~/X/R5
decwrl        existing neighbors only        ~/pub/X11/R5
osu-cis                        ~/X.V11R5
        (not online until ~ 9 Sept)
WJanon        (host: watjo.swp.wj.com)    ~/X/X11R5/
        Modem: Telebit TB2500 (PEP, V.32, etc)
        Systems or L.sys suggested/approximate entry:
            WJanon Any ACU 19200 1-408-435-0240 "" \r login: WJanon
utai        existing neighbors only        ~/ftp/pub/X11R5
hp4nl        Netherlands only        ~uucp/pub/windows/X/R5



                 NFS:
Missouri    wuarchive.wustl.edu        /archive/packages/X11R5
        128.252.135.4            mount point: /archive

                 AFS:
Pennsylvania    /afs/grand.central.org/pub/X11R5

             NIFTP (hhcp, cpf, fcp, ...):
United Kingdom    uk.ac.ic.doc.src        <X.V11R5>
        00000510200001
        user "guest"

                  anon FTAM:
United Kingdom    000005102000 (Janet)        X.V11R5
        146.169.3.7 (Internet)
        204334504108 (IXI)

                   ACSNet:
Australia    munnari.oz (fetchfile)        X.V11/R5
        Please fetch only one file
        at a time, after checking
        that a copy is not available
        at a closer site.

[9/2/91; updated for contrib 10/91]

Anyone in Europe can get a copy of the MIT X.V11R5 distribution, including
the core and contributed software and all official patches, free of charge.
The only requirement is to agree to return the tapes, or equivalent new tapes.
Only QIC and TK format cartridges can be provided.  Contact: Jamie Watson,
Adasoft AG, Nesslerenweg 104, 3084 Wabern, Switzerland.
Tel: [phone] or +41 62 61.41.21; Fax: [phone]; [e-mail].

UK sites can obtain X11 through the UKUUG Software Distribution Service, from
the Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, in several tape formats.
You may also obtain the source via Janet (and therefore PSS) using Niftp (Host:
uk.ac.ic.doc.src Name: guest Password: your_email_address).  Queries should be
directed to Lee McLoughlin, 071-589-5111#5037, or to [e-mail]
or [e-mail] (send a Subject line of "wanted". Also offered are
copies of comp.sources.x, the export.lcs.mit.edu contrib and doc areas and most
other announced freely distributable packages.

X11R5 and X11R4 source along with X11R5 contrib code, prebuilt X binaries for
major platforms, and source code examples from O'Reilly's books is available on
an ISO-9660-format CD-ROM from O'Reilly & Associates. [as of 3/92].

X11R5 source is available on ISO-9660-format CD-ROM for members of the Japan
Unix Society from Hiroaki Obata, [e-mail].

X11R5 source along with GNU source, the comp.sources.x archives, and SPARC
binaries is available on an ISO-9660-format CD-ROM from PDQ Software,
510-947-5996 (or Robert A. Bruce, [e-mail]).

X11R5 source is available from Automata Design Associates, [phone].

Various users' groups (e.g. SUG) offer X sources cheaply, typically on CD-ROM.

Source for the Andrew User Interface System 5.1 and binaries for common systems
are available on CD-ROM. Information: [e-mail],
412-268-6710, fax [phone].

Binaries for X11R5, with shared libX11 and libXmu, for A/UX 2.0.1 are now
available from wuarchive.wustl.edu:/archive/systems/aux/X11R5.  Patches for
X11R5 compiled with gcc (but not shared libraries) are also available.
[John L. Coolidge ([e-mail], 10/91)]

Binaries by Rich Kaul ([e-mail]) for the Sun386i running
SunOS 4.0.2 are available on dsinc.dsi.com (please only after-hours USA EST).

Binaries for the Sun386i are available from compaq.com (131.168.249.254) in
pub/sun-386i/sources and from vernam.cs.uwm.edu (129.89.9.117).

A binary tree for the Next by Douglas Scott ([e-mail]) is on
foxtrot.ccmrc.ucsb.edu; it is missing the server, though.

Binaries for the Sun386i are in vernam.cs.uwm.edu:/sun386i.

Binaries for the HP-PA are on hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com (15.255.72.15).

Also:

Binaries are available from Unipalm ([phone], [e-mail]),
probably for the Sun platforms.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  58)! Where can I get patches to X11R5?

    The release of new public patches by the MIT X Consortium is announced
in the comp.windows.x.announce newsgroup.

    Patches themselves are available via ftp from export and from other
sites from which X11 is available. They are now also distributed through the
newsgroup comp.sources.x. Some source re-sellers may be including patches in
their source distributions of X11.

    People without ftp access can use the xstuff mail server. It now has
17 patches for X11R5 [8/92].  Send to [e-mail] the Subject line
        send fixes #
where # is the name of the patch and is usually just the number of the patch.

    Here are a few complications:
    1) fix 5 is in four parts; you need to request "5a", "5b", "5c" and
"5d" separately
    2) the file sunGX.uu, which was part of an earlier patch, was
re-released with patch 7
    3) fix 8 is in two parts: "8a" and "8b"
    4) fix 13 is in three parts: "13a", "13b", and "13c"
    5) fix 16 is in two parts: "16a" and "16b"

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  59)  What is the xstuff mail-archive?

    The xstuff server is a mail-response program. That means that you mail
it a request, and it mails back the response.
    Any of the four possible commands must be the first word on a line. The
xstuff server reads your entire message before it does anything, so you can
have several different commands in a single message (unless you ask for help).
The xstuff server treats the "Subject:" header line just like any other line
of the message.
    The archives are organized into a series of directories and
subdirectories.  Each directory has an index, and each subdirectory has an
index. The top-level index gives you an overview of what is in the
subdirectories, and the index for each subdirectory tells you what is in it.

    1) The command "help" or "send help" causes the server to send you a
more detailed version of this help file.
    2) if your message contains a line whose first word is "index", then
the server will send you the top-level index of the contents of the archive. If
there are other words on that line that match the name of subdirectories, then
the indexes for those subdirectories are sent instead of the top-level index.
For example, you can say "send index fixes" (or "index fixes"). A message that
requests an index cannot request data.
    3) if your message contains a line whose first word is "send", then the
xstuff server will send you the item(s) named on the rest of the line. To name
an item, you give its directory and its name. For example
                send fixes 1 4 8a 8b 9
    You may issue multiple send requests. The xstuff server contains many
safeguards to ensure that it is not monopolized by people asking for large
amounts of data. The mailer is set up so that it will send no more than a fixed
amount of data each day. If the work queue contains more requests than the
day's quota, then the unsent files will not be processed until the next day.
Whenever the mailer is run to send its day's quota, it sends the requests out
shortest-first.
    4) Some mailers produce mail headers that are unusable for extracting
return addresses.  If you use such a mailer, you won't get any response.  If
you happen to know an explicit path, you can include a line like
        path [e-mail]
or
        path bar!foo!frotz
in the body of your message, and the daemon will use it.

    The xstuff server itself can be reached at [e-mail]. If
your mailer deals in "!" notation, try sending to
{someplace}!mit-eddie!expo.lcs.mit.edu!xstuff.

[based on information from the MIT X Consortium, 8/89, 4/90.]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  60)  Where can I get X11R4 (source and binaries)?

    Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., ships X11R4 on half-inch,
quarter-inch, and TK50 formats. Call 617-621-0060 for ordering information.

    The Free Software Foundation (617-876-3296) sells X11R4 on half-inch
tapes and on QIC-24 cartridges.

    Yaser Doleh ([e-mail]; P.O. Box 1301, Kent, OH 44240) is
making X11R4 available on HP format tapes, 16 track, and Sun cartridges. [2/90]

    European sites can obtain a free X11R4 distribution from Jamie Watson,
who may be reached at chx400!pan!jw or [e-mail]. [10/90]

    Non Standard Logics ([phone]; [e-mail]) makes source
available.

    IXI Limited ([phone]) is selling X11R4 source on quarter-inch
cartridge formats and on 5.25" and 3.5" floppy, with other formats available on
request. [IXI, 2/90]

    Virtual Technologies (703-430-9247) provides the entire X11R4
compressed source release on a single QIC-24 quarter-inch cartridge and also on
1.2meg or 1.44 meg floppies upon request. [Conor Cahill ([e-mail])
2/90]

    Young Minds (714-335-1350) makes the R4 and GNU distributions available
on a full-text-indexed CD-ROM.

[Note that some distributions are media-only and do not include docs.]

    X11R4 is ftp-able from export.lcs.mit.edu; these sites are preferable,
though, and are more direct:

                        Machine                  Internet      FTP
    Location            Name                     Address       Directory
    --------            -------                  --------      -------------
(1) West USA            gatekeeper.dec.com       16.1.0.2      pub/X11/R4
    Central USA         mordred.cs.purdue.edu    128.10.2.2    pub/X11/R4
(2) Central USA         giza.cis.ohio-state.edu  128.146.8.61  pub/X.V11R4
    Southeast USA       uunet.uu.net             192.48.96.2   X/R4
(3) Northeast USA       crl.dec.com              192.58.206.2  pub/X11/R4
(4) UK Janet            src.doc.ic.ac.uk         129.31.81.36  X.V11R4
    UK niftp            uk.ac.ic.doc.src                       <XV11R4>
(5) Australia           munnari.oz.au            128.250.1.21  X.V11/R4

The giza.cis.ohio-state.edu site, in particular, is known to have much of the
contrib stuff that can be found on export.

The release is available to DEC Easynet sites as CRL::"/pub/X11/R4".

Sites in Australia may contact this address: ftp.Adelaide.EDU.AU [129.127.40.3]
and check the directory pub/X/R4. The machine shadows export and archives
comp.sources.x. (Mark Prior, [e-mail], 5/90)

Note: a much more complete list is distributed regularly by Dan Heller
([e-mail]) as part of the introductory postings to comp.sources.x.

A set of X11R4 binaries built by Tom Roell ([e-mail])
for the 386/ix will available from export.lcs.mit.edu in /contrib and in
/pub/i386/X11R4 from 131.159.8.35 in Europe. Stephen Hite
([e-mail]) can also distribute to folks without ftp facilities
via disks sent SASE; contact him for USmail and shipping details. [12/90] In
addition, the binaries are available via uucp from szebra [1-408-739-1520, TB+
(PEP); ogin:nuucp sword:nuucp] in /usr2/xbbs/bbs/x.  In addition, the source is
on zok in /usrX/i386.R4server/. [2/91] In addition, if you are in the US, the
latest SVR4 binary (April 15), patches, and fonts are available on
piggy.ucsb.edu (128.111.72.50) in the directory /pub/X386, same filenames as
above. (Please use after 6pm Pacific, as these are large files.) [5/91]

A set of HP 9000/800 binaries is available on hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com (15.255.72.15)
as ~ftp/pub/MitX11R4/libs.x800.Z. [2/91]

A set of X11R4 binaries for the NeXT 2.x have been made available by Howie Kaye
on cunixf.cc.columbia.edu

A set of binaries by John Coolidge ([e-mail]) for the Mac running
A/UX 2.0 is available from wuarchive.wustl.edu in the file
(/archive/systems/aux/X11R4/Xupdate2.tar.Z). Also in X11R4/diffs is a set of
patches for making X11R4 with shared libraries with mkshlib.

A complete distribution of SCO X11R4 binaries by Baruch Cochavy
([e-mail]) can be found on uunet. The server is Roell's
X386 1.1b, compiled for ET4000 based SVGA boards.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  61)  Where can I get OSF/Motif?

    You can obtain either OSF/Motif source or binaries from a number of
vendors.
    Motif 1.2.0 source became available in 5/92; binary kits should appear
soon. Motif 1.2 is based on X11R5.
    Motif 1.1 is based on the R4.18 Intrinsics and is currently [7/92] at
1.1.5.
    An OSF/Motif source license must be obtained from OSF before source can
be obtained from the Open Software Foundation or any value-added vendor for
any version. Call the Direct Channels Desk at OSF at 617-621-7300 for ordering
information.
    Various hardware vendors produce developer's toolkits of binaries,
header files, and documentation; check your hardware vendor, particularly if
that vendor is an OSF member.
    In addition, independent binary vendors produce Motif toolkits for
machines for which Motif is not supported by a vendor; the kits include varied
levels of bug-fixing and support for shared libraries and are based on widely
divergent version of Motif:
    Quest (408-988-8880) sells kits for Suns, as well;
    IXI ([phone]) offers kits for Sun3 and Sun4.
    NSL ([phone]; [e-mail]) offers kits for the Sun 3
and Sun 4.
    Bluestone Consulting makes a kit for Sun systems.
    ICS (617-62-0060) makes several binary kits, notably for Sun, DEC.
    HP and DEC have announced support for Motif on Sun systems.
    Unipalm ([phone]) currently offers for Sun systems a Motif
Development Kit including X11R4 and based on Motif 1.1.2. The US distributor is
Expert Object Corp (708-926-8500).
    BIM ships Motif 1.1 binaries for Suns. Shared library support is
included. Contact Alain Vermeiren ([e-mail]) or Danny Backx ([e-mail])
at +32(2)759.59.25 (Fax : [phone]) (Belgium).
    Metro Link Inc. (305-970-7353, [e-mail]; in Europe contact
ADNT, (33 1) 3956 5333, UniVision (UK) Ltd. (44) 628 82 22 81) ships an
implementation of X11R4 and Motif 1.1.2 (including a shared-library
implementation of libXm.a) for the 386/486 Unix market.  Motif 1.1.2 is
also available for Sun Sparc based workstations.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  62)  Does Motif work with X11R4? X11R5?

    Motif 1.2 is based on X11R5 (available 5/92).
    Motif 1.1, available in source form from OSF as of August 1990, uses
the "vanilla" X11R4 Intrinsics, where "vanilla" means "with just a few
patches"; the file fix-osf which OSF distributes is obsoleted by MIT's patches
15-17.  The file fix-osf-1.1.1 distributed with the 1.1.1 version or its
subsequent modification needs to be applied after MIT fix-18, though.

    Motif 1.1.1 to 1.1.3 will work with X11R5 if X11R5 is compiled with
-DMOTIFBC; 1.1.4 and later should work with the vanilla R5, although there are
some known new geometry-management problems.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  63)  Where can I get toolkits implementing OPEN LOOK?

    Sun's XView has a SunView-style API. A version is on the X11R4 tape;
the latest [2/92] 3.0 sources are on export in contrib/xview3/.
    XView and X binaries for the Sun 386i ("roadrunner") are available for
ftp from svin01.win.tue.nl (131.155.70.70), directory pub/X11R4_386i.
    Supported binaries of XView 2.0 or 3.0 include:

XView for non-Sun Platforms  (domestic and selected international vendors).
Several are also available from Sun; contact your local sales office.

Amiga        GfxBase, Inc.        1881 Ellwell Drive
(AmigaDOS)    [phone]        Milpitas, CA 95035
        Fax: [phone]

SGI
Sony (NEWS-OS)
IBM RS/6000
HP 9000
DECstation    UniPress Software    2025 Lincoln Highway
(Ultrix)    [phone]        Edison, NJ 08817
        Fax: [phone]

        UniPress Software, Ltd.        PO Box 70
        44-624-661-8850            Viking House
        Fax: [phone]        Nelson Street
                        Douglas, Isle of Man
                        United Kingdom

DEC VAXstation    TGV            603 Mission Street
(VMS)        (800) TGV-3440        Santa Cruz, CA 95060
        [phone]
        Fax: [phone]

        Unipalm Ltd.            145-147 St. Neots Road
        44-0954-211797            Hardwick
        Fax: [phone]        Cambridge CB3 7QJ
                        England

Intel 386    Quarterdeck Office    150 Pico Boulevard
(DOS)        Systems            Santa Monica, CA 90405
        [phone]
        Fax: [phone]

Intel 386    SunSoft Corporation    6601 Center Drive West
(Interactive    310-348-8649        Suite 700
 UNIX and                Los Angeles, CA  90045
 SCO UNIX)

Stardent    Scripps Institute    Clinic MB-5
(Stellix OS    Fax: [phone]    10666 N. Torrey Pines Road
 and Titan OS)    Include mailstop MB-5    La Jolla, CA 92057
        By ftp: 192.42.82.8 in pub/binary/{Xview.README,XView.tar.Z}

    AT&T's OPEN LOOK GUI 3.0 Xt-based toolkit is now generally available
[2/92]; contact 1-800-828-UNIX#544 for information. Binaries are produced
for SPARC systems by International Quest Corporation (408-988-8289). A version
of the toolkit is also produced under the name OLIT by Sun.
    More recent versions of OLIT have been ported to IBM 6000 and DEC MIPS
by both UniPress and ICS. OLIT is also available for HP from Melillo Consulting
(908-873-0075). MJM (Somerset, NJ) makes OLIT 4.0 for HP 7xx series running
HPUX 8.0, DECstations, and RS/6000s [thanks to Joanne Newbauer,
[e-mail], 908-522-6677.]

    Sun is shipping OpenWindows 3.0; contact your local sales
representative for more details; the package includes toolkit binaries and
header files.

    Solbourne's extensible C++-based Object Interface Library, which
supports run-time selection between Open Look or Motif, is available from its
Software Products Division at 303-678-4626. [5/92]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  64)! Where can I get other X sources? (including R5 modifications)

    The MIT Software Center ships the X Test Suite on tape.

    A multi-threaded version of Xlib based on X11R5 patch 12 is now
available for anonymous FTP from:
        Xerox PARC on parcftp.xerox.com (13.1.64.94) in /pub/mt-xlib
        DEC on gatekeeper.dec.com (16.1.0.2) in /pub/X11/contrib/mt-xlib
        MIT on export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in /contrib/mt-xlib

    HP has made available drivers to permit the building of the X11R5
sample server on the HP 9000 Series 700 workstations; the files are on
export.lcs.mit.edu in ~ftp/contrib/R5.HP.SRV. [8/92]

    User-contributed software is distributed through the newsgroup
comp.sources.x, moderated by David C. Martin ([e-mail]); also check
that group for posting information.

    Richard Hesketh ([e-mail]) has been creating a list of freely-
available X sources.  The list is stored on export.lcs.mit.edu in contrib as
x-source-list.Z. It lists the main storage locations for the program and
international sites from which it may be ftp'ed.

    The machine export.lcs.mit.edu has a great deal of user-contributed
software in the contrib/ directory; a good deal of it is present in current or
earlier versions on the X11R3, X11R4, and X11R5 contrib tapes. There are also
directories for fixes to contrib software.  The file on export in
contrib/00-index.txt is a quick overall index of the software in that area,
provided by Daniel Lewart ([e-mail]).

    These sites used to and may still mirror export and are of particular
use for Australasia: Anonymous ftp: ftp.Adelaide.EDU.AU; ACSnet Fetchfile:
sirius.ua.oz.

    The material on giza.cis.ohio-state.edu, which tends to duplicate
the export archives, is also available via anonymous UUCP from osu-cis, at TB+
and V.32 speeds.  Write to [e-mail] (same as osu-cis!uucp) for
instructions. [the archive is now maintained by Karl Kleinpaste]

    A new west-coast UUCP X11 Archive is administered by Mark Snitily
([e-mail]) and contains the full X11 distribution, the XTEST
distribution, an entire archive of comp.sources.x and other goodies.
    The machine zok has a TB+ modem which will connect to 19.2K, 2400,
1200 baud (in that order).  The anonymous UUCP account is UXarch with password
Xgoodies.  The modem's phone number is 408-996-8285.
    A sample Systems (or L.sys) entry might be:
           zok Any ACU 19200 4089968285 in:--in: UXarch word: Xgoodies
    To get a current listing of the files that are available, download
the file "/usrX/ls-lR.Z".
    A full subject index of the comp.sources.x files is available in the
file "/usrX/comp.sources.x/INDEX".
    The machine has just the one modem, so please do not fetch large
amounts of data at one sitting.
[courtesy Mark Snitily, 2/90]

In addition, UUNET Source Archives (703-876-5050) tracks comp.sources.x and
provides 800MB+ of compressed programs on 6250 bpi tapes or 1/4" tapes.  It
also mirrors export/contrib in its packages/X directory.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

David B. Lewis                     [e-mail]

        "Just the FAQs, ma'am." -- Joe Friday

--
David B. Lewis      Temporarily at and certainly not speaking for OSF.
by day: [e-mail]            by night: [e-mail]