home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!dtix!darwin.sura.net!jvnc.net!yale.edu!yale!gumby!destroyer!ncar!ico!jbsys.com!jbev
- From: jbev@iscden.jbsys.com (Jim Bevier - J B Systems)
- Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd
- Subject: Bad sector scanning program!
- Message-ID: <1992Aug26.234622.15781@jbsys.com>
- Date: 26 Aug 92 23:46:22 GMT
- Sender: jbev@jbsys.com (Jim Bevier - J B Systems)
- Organization: J B Systems on HiPeak, Morrison, Co.
- Lines: 712
-
- I have updated bad144.c to recognize a -s option. This will scan
- the 386bsd partition (rwd0c). It will list the sector numbers that
- you can then use to input to bad144 with the -a -c options. I
- thought this might be useful to others. The best time to run
- this scan is after you have written the label to the disk, but
- before making the newfs. However, it can be run at anytime.
- I plan to update these changes later to automatically add any
- defects found to the bad sector table. For now, it just scans.
- It reads a track at a time until an error is found. It then
- rereads the track to find the defective sector. It also prints
- out your disk label table showing offset and size in both sectors
- and cylinders. Type bad144 -s wd0. Here is what the output looks like:
-
- device /dev/rwd0 is a ESDI disk
- rwd0a ROOT offset: 196365 ( 247), size: 508800 ( 640), type = 4.2BSD
- rwd0b SWAP offset: 705165 ( 887), size: 63600 ( 80), type = swap
- rwd0c 386BSD offset: 196365 ( 247), size: 1120155 (1409), type = unused
- rwd0d DISK offset: 0 ( 0), size: 1316520 (1656), type = unused
- rwd0e DOS? offset: 0 ( 0), size: 196365 ( 247), type = unused
- rwd0h USR offset: 768765 ( 967), size: 546165 ( 687), type = 4.2BSD
- secs: 53, tracks: 15, cyl: 1656, sec/cyl: 795, start: 196365, end: 1316341
- Starting scan of /dev/rwd0c at cylinder 247
- 247( 196365)
-
- The scan stops before the bad track table. That is the end of patition c
- less 1 cylinder plus 126 sectors.
-
- The bad tracking will not work without a fix to wd.c. This was posted
- earlier to the net. Apply this patch:
-
- ---- snip snip ----
- *** wd.c.ORIG Wed Aug 19 15:43:21 1992
- --- wd.c Wed Aug 19 16:16:18 1992
- ***************
- *** 402,407 ****
- --- 402,408 ----
- cylin = blknum / secpercyl;
- head = (blknum % secpercyl) / secpertrk;
- sector = blknum % secpertrk;
- + du->dk_flags |= DKFL_SINGLE;
- #ifdef WDDEBUG
- printf("new = %d\n", blknum);
- #endif
- ---- snip snip ----
- from:
- UUCP: {hplabs!hp-sdd ucsd nosc}!crash!fpm
- ARPA: crash!fpm@nosc.mil
- INET: fpm@crash.cts.com
-
- Following is the updated bad144.c program. Let me know what you think.
- I think this will also work for a second disk drive. If you find any
- errors or think of any other changes, let me know.
-
- Cheers,
-
- Jim Bevier
- jbev@jbsys.com
-
- ---- snip snip ----
- /*
- * Copyright (c) 1980,1986,1988 Regents of the University of California.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- * must display the following acknowledgement:
- * This product includes software developed by the University of
- * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- * without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
- #ifndef lint
- char copyright[] =
- "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980,1986,1988 Regents of the University of California.\n\
- All rights reserved.\n";
- #endif not lint
-
- #ifndef lint
- static char sccsid[] = "@(#)bad144.c 5.19 (Berkeley) 4/11/91";
- #endif not lint
-
- /*
- * bad144
- *
- * This program prints and/or initializes a bad block record for a pack,
- * in the format used by the DEC standard 144.
- * It can also add bad sector(s) to the record, moving the sector
- * replacements as necessary.
- *
- * It is preferable to write the bad information with a standard formatter,
- * but this program will do.
- *
- * RP06 sectors are marked as bad by inverting the format bit in the
- * header; on other drives the valid-sector bit is cleared.
- */
-
- #define DKTYPENAMES
-
- #include <sys/param.h>
- #include <sys/dkbad.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <ufs/fs.h>
- #include <sys/file.h>
- #include <sys/disklabel.h>
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <paths.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- #define RETRIES 10 /* number of retries on reading old sectors */
- #ifdef __386BSD__
- #define RAWPART "d" /* disk partition containing badsector tables */
- #else
- #define RAWPART "c" /* disk partition containing badsector tables */
- #endif
-
- int fflag, add, copy, verbose, nflag, sflag;
- int compare();
- int dups;
- int badfile = -1; /* copy of badsector table to use, -1 if any */
- #define MAXSECSIZE 1024
- struct dkbad curbad, oldbad;
- #define DKBAD_MAGIC 0x4321
-
- char *buf;
- char label[BBSIZE];
- daddr_t size, getold(), badsn();
- struct disklabel *dp;
- char name[BUFSIZ];
- char *malloc();
- off_t lseek();
- int bstart, bend; /* start and ending block numbers */
- char *p; /* temp dev name pointer */
- char devname[BUFSIZ];
- main(argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char *argv[];
- {
- register struct bt_bad *bt;
- daddr_t sn, bn[126];
- int i, j, f, nbad, new, bad, errs;
-
- setbuf(stdout, NULL);
- argc--, argv++;
- while (argc > 0 && **argv == '-') {
- (*argv)++;
- while (**argv) {
- switch (**argv) {
- case 'a':
- add++;
- break;
- case 'c':
- copy++;
- break;
- case 'v':
- verbose++;
- break;
- case 'n':
- nflag++;
- verbose++;
- break;
- case 's': /* scan partition */
- sflag++;
- verbose++;
- break;
- default:
- if (**argv >= '0' && **argv <= '4') {
- badfile = **argv - '0';
- break;
- }
- goto usage;
- }
- (*argv)++;
- }
- argc--, argv++;
- }
- if (argc < 1) {
- usage:
- fprintf(stderr,
- "usage: bad144 [ -f ] disk [ snum [ bn ... ] ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr,
- "to read or overwrite bad-sector table, e.g.: bad144 hp0\n");
- fprintf(stderr,
- "or bad144 -a [ -f ] [ -c ] disk bn ...\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "where options are:\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "\t-a add new bad sectors to the table\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "\t-f reformat listed sectors as bad\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "\t-c copy original sector to replacement\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "\t-s scan partition for bad sectors\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- if (argv[0][0] != '/')
- (void)sprintf(name, "%sr%s%s", _PATH_DEV, argv[0], RAWPART);
- else
- strcpy(name, argv[0]);
- f = open(name, argc == 1? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR);
- if (f < 0)
- Perror(name);
- p = rindex(name, '/');
- strcpy(devname,++p);
- devname[strlen(p)-1] = '\0';
- /* obtain label and adjust to fit */
- dp = (struct disklabel *)&label;
- if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, dp) < 0)
- Perror("ioctl DIOCGDINFO");
- if (dp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || dp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC
- /* dkcksum(lp) != 0 */ ) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Bad pack magic number (pack is unlabeled)\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- if (dp->d_secsize > MAXSECSIZE || dp->d_secsize <= 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Disk sector size too large/small (%d)\n",
- dp->d_secsize);
- exit(7);
- }
- #ifdef __386BSD__
- if (dp->d_type == DTYPE_SCSI) {
- fprintf(stderr, "SCSI disks don't use bad144!\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- /* are we inside a DOS partition? */
- if (verbose) {
- static char * parts[] = {
- "ROOT ",
- "SWAP ",
- "386BSD",
- "DISK ",
- "DOS? ",
- "USR2 ",
- "USR1 ",
- "USR "
- };
- printf("device /dev/%s is a %s disk\n",
- devname, dktypenames[dp->d_type]);
- j = dp->d_secpercyl;
- for (i=0; i < dp->d_npartitions; i++) {
- if (dp->d_partitions[i].p_size == 0)continue;
- printf("%s%c %s offset: %7d (%4d), size: %7d (%4d), type = %s\n",
- devname, 'a'+i, parts[i], dp->d_partitions[i].p_offset,
- dp->d_partitions[i].p_offset/j,
- dp->d_partitions[i].p_size,
- dp->d_partitions[i].p_size/j,
- fstypenames[dp->d_partitions[i].p_fstype]);
- }
- }
- if (dp->d_partitions[0].p_offset) {
- /* yes, rules change. assume bad tables at end of partition C,
- which maps all of DOS partition we are within -wfj */
- size = dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset +
- dp->d_partitions[2].p_size;
- } else
- #endif
- size = dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks * dp->d_ncylinders;
- bstart = 0;
- if (dp->d_partitions[2].p_size) {
- bstart = dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset;
- }
- /* determine where to stop scanning */
- bend = dp->d_partitions[2].p_size + dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset;
- bend -= (dp->d_nsectors + 126);
- if (verbose) {
- printf("secs: %d, tracks: %d, cyl: %d, sec/cyl: %d, start: %d, end: %d\n",
- dp->d_nsectors, dp->d_ntracks, dp->d_ncylinders,
- dp->d_secpercyl, bstart, bend);
- }
- if (sflag) { /* search for bad sectors */
- int curr_sec, tries, n;
- int spc = dp->d_secpercyl;
- int ss = dp->d_secsize;
- int trk = dp->d_nsectors;
- int step;
-
- if (buf == (char *)NULL) {
- buf = malloc((unsigned)(trk*ss));
- if (buf == (char *)NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
- exit(20);
- }
- }
-
- printf("Starting scan of /dev/%sc at cylinder %d\n",
- devname, bstart/spc);
- /* seek to start of parition c, we are in d */
- for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) {
- if (lseek(f, bstart * ss, L_SET) < 0) {
- Perror("lseek");
- } else
- break;
- }
- step = trk;
- for (curr_sec = bstart; curr_sec < bend; curr_sec += step) {
- int gotone = 0;
-
- if (verbose) {
- if ((curr_sec % spc) == 0)
- printf("\r%4d(%7d)", curr_sec/spc, curr_sec);
- }
- for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) {
- if (lseek(f, curr_sec * ss, L_SET) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "\nbad144: can't seek sector, %d\n", curr_sec);
- gotone = 1;
- } else
- break;
- }
- if (gotone) {
- fprintf(stderr, "\nbad144: bad sector (seek), %d\n", curr_sec);
- step = 1;
- continue;
- }
- if (step == trk) {
- if ((n = read(f, buf, (ss * trk))) == (ss * trk)) {
- continue;
- }
- }
- /* switch to single sector reads */
- lseek(f, curr_sec * ss, L_SET);
- step = 1;
- for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) {
- if ((n = read(f, buf, ss)) != ss) {
- fprintf(stderr, "\nbad144: can't read sector, %d\n", curr_sec);
- gotone = 1;
- lseek(f, curr_sec * ss, L_SET);
- } else {
- if ((curr_sec % trk) == 0) {
- step = trk;
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- if (gotone) {
- fprintf(stderr, "\nbad144: bad sector (read), %d\n", curr_sec);
- continue;
- }
- }
- }
- argc--;
- argv++;
- if (argc == 0) {
- sn = getold(f, &oldbad);
- printf("\nbad block information at sector %d in %s:\n",
- sn, name);
- switch (oldbad.bt_flag) {
-
- case (u_short)-1:
- printf("alignment cartridge\n");
- break;
-
- case DKBAD_MAGIC:
- break;
-
- default:
- printf("bt_flag=%x(16)?\n", oldbad.bt_flag);
- break;
- }
- bt = oldbad.bt_bad;
- for (i = 0; i < 126; i++) {
- bad = (bt->bt_cyl<<16) + bt->bt_trksec;
- if (bad < 0)
- break;
- printf("sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d\n", badsn(bt),
- bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, bt->bt_trksec&0xff);
- bt++;
- }
- (void) checkold(&oldbad);
- exit(0);
- }
- if (add) {
- /*
- * Read in the old badsector table.
- * Verify that it makes sense, and the bad sectors
- * are in order. Copy the old table to the new one.
- */
- (void) getold(f, &oldbad);
- i = checkold(&oldbad);
- if (verbose)
- printf("Had %d bad sectors, adding %d\n", i, argc);
- if (i + argc > 126) {
- printf("bad144: not enough room for %d more sectors\n",
- argc);
- printf("limited to 126 by information format\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- curbad = oldbad;
- } else {
- curbad.bt_csn = atoi(*argv++);
- argc--;
- curbad.bt_mbz = 0;
- curbad.bt_flag = DKBAD_MAGIC;
- if (argc > 126) {
- printf("bad144: too many bad sectors specified\n");
- printf("limited to 126 by information format\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- i = 0;
- }
- errs = 0;
- new = argc;
- while (argc > 0) {
- daddr_t sn = atoi(*argv++);
- argc--;
- if (sn < 0 || sn >= size) {
- printf("%d: out of range [0,%d) for disk %s\n",
- sn, size, dp->d_typename);
- errs++;
- continue;
- }
- bn[i] = sn;
- curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = sn / (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks);
- sn %= (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks);
- curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec =
- ((sn/dp->d_nsectors) << 8) + (sn%dp->d_nsectors);
- i++;
- }
- if (errs)
- exit(1);
- nbad = i;
- while (i < 126) {
- curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = -1;
- curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = -1;
- i++;
- }
- if (add) {
- /*
- * Sort the new bad sectors into the list.
- * Then shuffle the replacement sectors so that
- * the previous bad sectors get the same replacement data.
- */
- qsort((char *)curbad.bt_bad, nbad, sizeof (struct bt_bad),
- compare);
- if (dups) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: bad sectors have been duplicated; can't add existing sectors\n");
- exit(3);
- }
- shift(f, nbad, nbad-new);
- }
- if (badfile == -1)
- i = 0;
- else
- i = badfile * 2;
- for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
- if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * (size - dp->d_nsectors + i),
- L_SET) < 0)
- Perror("lseek");
- if (verbose)
- printf("write badsect file at %d\n",
- size - dp->d_nsectors + i);
- if (nflag == 0 && write(f, (caddr_t)&curbad, sizeof(curbad)) !=
- sizeof(curbad)) {
- char msg[80];
- (void)sprintf(msg, "bad144: write bad sector file %d",
- i/2);
- perror(msg);
- }
- if (badfile != -1)
- break;
- }
- #ifdef DIOCSBAD
- if (nflag == 0 && ioctl(f, DIOCSBAD, (caddr_t)&curbad) < 0)
- fprintf(stderr,
- "Can't sync bad-sector file; reboot for changes to take effect\n");
- #endif
- if ((dp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) == 0 && nflag == 0) {
- dp->d_flags |= D_BADSECT;
- if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, dp) < 0) {
- perror("label");
- fprintf(stderr, "Can't write disklabel to enable bad secctor handling by the drive\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- }
- exit(0);
- }
-
- daddr_t
- getold(f, bad)
- struct dkbad *bad;
- {
- register int i;
- daddr_t sn;
- char msg[80];
-
- if (badfile == -1)
- i = 0;
- else
- i = badfile * 2;
- for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
- sn = size - dp->d_nsectors + i;
- if (lseek(f, sn * dp->d_secsize, L_SET) < 0)
- Perror("lseek");
- if (read(f, (char *) bad, dp->d_secsize) == dp->d_secsize) {
- if (i > 0)
- printf("Using bad-sector file %d\n", i/2);
- return(sn);
- }
- (void)sprintf(msg, "bad144: read bad sector file at sn %d", sn);
- perror(msg);
- if (badfile != -1)
- break;
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "bad144: %s: can't read bad block info\n", name);
- exit(1);
- /*NOTREACHED*/
- }
-
- checkold()
- {
- register int i;
- register struct bt_bad *bt;
- daddr_t sn, lsn;
- int errors = 0, warned = 0;
-
- if (oldbad.bt_flag != DKBAD_MAGIC) {
- fprintf(stderr, "bad144: %s: bad flag in bad-sector table\n",
- name);
- errors++;
- }
- if (oldbad.bt_mbz != 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "bad144: %s: bad magic number\n", name);
- errors++;
- }
- bt = oldbad.bt_bad;
- for (i = 0; i < 126; i++, bt++) {
- if (bt->bt_cyl == 0xffff && bt->bt_trksec == 0xffff)
- break;
- if ((bt->bt_cyl >= dp->d_ncylinders) ||
- ((bt->bt_trksec >> 8) >= dp->d_ntracks) ||
- ((bt->bt_trksec & 0xff) >= dp->d_nsectors)) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: cyl/trk/sect out of range in existing entry: ");
- fprintf(stderr, "sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d\n",
- badsn(bt), bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8,
- bt->bt_trksec & 0xff);
- errors++;
- }
- sn = (bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks +
- (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) *
- dp->d_nsectors + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff);
- if (i > 0 && sn < lsn && !warned) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: bad sector file is out of order\n");
- errors++;
- warned++;
- }
- if (i > 0 && sn == lsn) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: bad sector file contains duplicates (sn %d)\n",
- sn);
- errors++;
- }
- lsn = sn;
- }
- if (errors)
- exit(1);
- return (i);
- }
-
- /*
- * Move the bad sector replacements
- * to make room for the new bad sectors.
- * new is the new number of bad sectors, old is the previous count.
- */
- shift(f, new, old)
- {
- daddr_t repl;
-
- /*
- * First replacement is last sector of second-to-last track.
- */
- repl = size - dp->d_nsectors - 1;
- new--; old--;
- while (new >= 0 && new != old) {
- if (old < 0 ||
- compare(&curbad.bt_bad[new], &oldbad.bt_bad[old]) > 0) {
- /*
- * Insert new replacement here-- copy original
- * sector if requested and possible,
- * otherwise write a zero block.
- */
- if (!copy ||
- !blkcopy(f, badsn(&curbad.bt_bad[new]), repl - new))
- blkzero(f, repl - new);
- } else {
- if (blkcopy(f, repl - old, repl - new) == 0)
- fprintf(stderr,
- "Can't copy replacement sector %d to %d\n",
- repl-old, repl-new);
- old--;
- }
- new--;
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * Copy disk sector s1 to s2.
- */
- blkcopy(f, s1, s2)
- daddr_t s1, s2;
- {
- register tries, n;
-
- if (buf == (char *)NULL) {
- buf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize);
- if (buf == (char *)NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
- exit(20);
- }
- }
- for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) {
- if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * s1, L_SET) < 0)
- Perror("lseek");
- if ((n = read(f, buf, dp->d_secsize)) == dp->d_secsize)
- break;
- }
- if (n != dp->d_secsize) {
- fprintf(stderr, "bad144: can't read sector, %d: ", s1);
- if (n < 0)
- perror((char *)0);
- return(0);
- }
- if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * s2, L_SET) < 0)
- Perror("lseek");
- if (verbose)
- printf("copying %d to %d\n", s1, s2);
- if (nflag == 0 && write(f, buf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: can't write replacement sector, %d: ", s2);
- perror((char *)0);
- return(0);
- }
- return(1);
- }
-
- char *zbuf;
-
- blkzero(f, sn)
- daddr_t sn;
- {
-
- if (zbuf == (char *)NULL) {
- zbuf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize);
- if (zbuf == (char *)NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
- exit(20);
- }
- }
- if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * sn, L_SET) < 0)
- Perror("lseek");
- if (verbose)
- printf("zeroing %d\n", sn);
- if (nflag == 0 && write(f, zbuf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "bad144: can't write replacement sector, %d: ", sn);
- perror((char *)0);
- }
- }
-
- compare(b1, b2)
- register struct bt_bad *b1, *b2;
- {
- if (b1->bt_cyl > b2->bt_cyl)
- return(1);
- if (b1->bt_cyl < b2->bt_cyl)
- return(-1);
- if (b1->bt_trksec == b2->bt_trksec)
- dups++;
- return (b1->bt_trksec - b2->bt_trksec);
- }
-
- daddr_t
- badsn(bt)
- register struct bt_bad *bt;
- {
- return ((bt->bt_cyl*dp->d_ntracks + (bt->bt_trksec>>8)) * dp->d_nsectors
- + (bt->bt_trksec&0xff));
- }
-
- Perror(op)
- char *op;
- {
-
- fprintf(stderr, "bad144: "); perror(op);
- exit(4);
- }
-
- ---- snip snip ----
-
- --
- +=+ From the mountains of Colorado: jbev@jbsys.com +=+
- +=+ when it's not snowing, the sun is shining +=+
- +=+ Jim Bevier - J B Systems (303)-697-1038 +=+
- +=+ 10136 Horizon View, Morrison, CO 80465 +=+
-