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- Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.misc
- Subject: Re: MACS COST TOO MUCH (NOT!)
- Message-ID: <ajross.715040512@husc10>
- From: ajross@husc10.harvard.edu (Andrew Ross)
- Date: 28 Aug 92 22:21:52 GMT
- References: <ewright.714687708@convex.convex.com> <9223
- <ewright.714943016@convex.convex.com> <1992Aug28.063440.28863@CS.ORST.EDU> <ewright.715017293@convex.convex.com>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc10.harvard.edu
- Lines: 98
-
- ewright@convex.com (Edward V. Wright) writes:
-
- >In <1992Aug28.063440.28863@CS.ORST.EDU> pricec@prism.CS.ORST.EDU (price carl wayne) writes:
-
- >>Strange, my PC has a memory limit of 4GB without any of the expanded et al.
- >>BS.
-
- >You said it. BS indeed. The PC has a memory limit of 640 kilobytes.
- >Not megabytes, *kilobytes*. Memory beyond that barrier cannot be
- >addressed without resorting to tricks such as those used by Microsoft
- >Windows. Tricks that don't always work, which is why Ventura Publisher
- >for Windows, for example, cannot multitask with any other Windows program
- >no matter how much physical or virtual memory you have installed. If you
- >don't believe me, just call Ventura technical support and *ask*.
-
- I'm sorry, but I'm losing my patience here. This has been stated again
- and again. Let me say it explicitly:
-
- THE PC IS NOT LIMITED TO 640K.
-
- This is a .DOS. limitation. It stems from the fact that the original 8086
- processor had only 20 address lines and thus could address only 1MB of
- real memory. This processor used a segmented address mode where a
- complete address was specified by two bytes: one being the address within
- the segment and the other being the "segment offset", or number of 4k
- blocks into the memory the segment started. Each segment was therefore
- 64k long, the idea being that a program would reside in only one segment
- or so, thus an address reference would usually require only one byte.
- When IBM picked the 8088 (the 8-bit memory bus version of the 8086) for
- its PC, 1MB was seen as a ridiculously large amount of memory for a
- microcomputer. Thus when DOS was written, it reserved the top 384k for
- things like video memory and the like ("640k should be enough for anybody."
- --Bill Gates. ;) When intel designed the 80286, they included the same
- segmented design for backwards compatibility; they also added a "protected
- mode" to the processor in which it could address the full 16MB provided by
- its 24 address bits. The next generation 80386 (and the i486, which uses
- the same memory scheme) had 32 bit addressing and could access 4GB of real
- memory. OS/2 and all PC unixes use the 386's protected mode exclusively
- and therefore have access to ALL THE MEMORY THE PROCESSOR CAN HANDLE
- (though there is a problem for some machines at 16MB, read on). Windows
- uses this mode for most of its native operations, but since it has been
- launched from DOS, and has to multitask DOS programs, still relies on the
- segmented model to some extent.
-
- Most machines with the AT (Industry Standard Architecture - ISA) type of
- expansion bus, however, run into another type of barrier at 16MB. This
- expansion bus, being designed for the 286, has only 24 address lines.
- This means that anything attached to it (hard drive, floppies, video,
- pretty much everything) can only read and write into the lowest 16MB of
- memory. OS/2 deals with this by calling anything above 16MB on these
- machines a kind of "Virtual Memory" which it uses as swap space in the
- same way that disk-based VM is used. Micro Channel machines (PS/2's) and
- Extended ISA (EISA) based machines do not have this limitation.
-
- Some quick definitions for Mr. Wright:
-
- Extended Memory - This is the term used for all the memory above the first
- 1MB in a DOS (not OS/2 or Unix) machine. It is not a
- hack or a fix, just a term.
-
- Expanded Memory - This is a hack. In old DOS machines, extra memory was
- often used by swapping chunks in and out of blocks in
- the high memory.
-
- High Memory - The space between 640k and 1MB. DOS can use it, but not for
- standard programs.
-
- OS/2 2.0 - Fantastic operating system you obviously haven't used which
- makes all the above definitions irrelevant.
-
- >>You Should check out the PC world, much has and is happening (the
- >>great thing about competition).
-
- >Look, kid, I've already stated this several times, but
- >since you obviously have trouble reading, I'll state it
- >again, in capital letters just for you: I AM TYPING THIS
- >ON A PC. I USE A PC EIGHT HOURS A DAY -- MORE THAN I USE
- >THE MAC. I don't need to "check out the PC world," I am
- >already more familiar with it than I really care to be,
- >probably more familiar with it than most people here, and
- >obviously a hell of a lot more familar than you.
-
- Most office assistants and students use PC's that much. This does not
- make them experts. Using a machine for what it is intended to do teaches
- you nothing about its internals. This is equally if not more true on the
- Mac. Please back up you attacks with evidence.
-
- I have to get one flame in here:
-
- IMHO, someone who suports his office's decision to pay $7000 for a
- 386-20 and $600 for a Video Accelerator and thinks all PC's are limited to
- 640k doesn't know sh*t about PC's. Please grow up.
-
- Andy Ross
- ajross@husc.harvard.edu
- that's right, no .sig
-
-
-