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  1. Xref: sparky comp.sources.misc:3893 comp.lang.perl:5717
  2. Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc,comp.lang.perl
  3. Path: sparky!kent
  4. From: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  5. Subject:  v32i001:  perlref - Perl Reference Guide 4.035.1, Part01/04
  6. Message-ID: <csm-v32i001=perlref.213734@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM>
  7. Followup-To: comp.sources.d
  8. X-Md4-Signature: 1c079b5e5d70442981a80528f1bbd560
  9. Sender: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com (Kent Landfield)
  10. Organization: Sterling Software
  11. Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 02:38:24 GMT
  12. Approved: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com
  13. Lines: 914
  14.  
  15. Submitted-by: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  16. Posting-number: Volume 32, Issue 1
  17. Archive-name: perlref/part01
  18. Supersedes: perlref: Volume 28, Issue 77-79
  19. Environment: Perl v4.035
  20.  
  21. Finally here it is: the new and updated version of the 
  22.  
  23.     Perl Reference Guide.
  24.  
  25. This version has been updated to match Perl 4.035.
  26.  
  27. Two ways to produce the Guide are included: a ready-to-print 
  28. PostScript version and a LaTeX source kit.
  29.  
  30. The Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
  31. Larry Wall's Perl program.
  32.  
  33. It contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
  34. functions, variables and lots of other useful information. 
  35. The Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 35.
  36.  
  37. The purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
  38. look up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
  39. of built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
  40. basic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
  41. - some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
  42. out.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
  43. way they can be used.
  44.  
  45. Happy hacking!
  46.  
  47.     Johan
  48. ------
  49. #! /bin/sh
  50. # This is a shell archive.  Remove anything before this line, then feed it
  51. # into a shell via "sh file" or similar.  To overwrite existing files,
  52. # type "sh file -c".
  53. # Contents:  README refbase.ps.B
  54. # Wrapped by kent@sparky on Wed Sep  2 21:35:20 1992
  55. PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin:/usr/lbin ; export PATH
  56. echo If this archive is complete, you will see the following message:
  57. echo '          "shar: End of archive 1 (of 4)."'
  58. if test -f 'README' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then 
  59.   echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'README'\"
  60. else
  61.   echo shar: Extracting \"'README'\" \(6524 characters\)
  62.   sed "s/^X//" >'README' <<'END_OF_FILE'
  63. X                 INTRODUCTION
  64. X                 ============
  65. X
  66. X             The Perl 4.0 Reference Guide
  67. X
  68. X            Revised: 92/09/02
  69. X
  70. XThe Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
  71. XLarry Wall's Perl program.
  72. X
  73. XIt contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
  74. Xfunctions, variables and lots of other useful information. 
  75. XThe Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 35.
  76. X
  77. XThe purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
  78. Xlook up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
  79. Xof built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
  80. Xbasic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
  81. X- some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
  82. Xout.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
  83. Xway they can be used.
  84. X
  85. XThe Reference Guide is designed and created by Johan Vromans using the
  86. XLaTex typesetting system. For best results, Tom Rockiki's dvips 5.47
  87. Xshould be used to generate the PostScript output.
  88. XYour mileage may vary when you use other ouput mechanisms.
  89. X
  90. XA special formatting tool, written in Perl, makes it possible to
  91. Xreformat this PostScript output for reproduction in a number of
  92. Xformats.  If you cannot run this tool, you do not need the
  93. Xinformation either.
  94. X
  95. XThe version number of the Reference Guide is coupled to the version of
  96. XPerl, e.g. 4.019.2 means: the third release suitable for perl 4
  97. Xpatchlevel 19. 
  98. X
  99. XINSTALLATION
  100. X============
  101. X
  102. X 1. Unload the distribution
  103. X
  104. X    After unloading the distribution, you will have the following files:
  105. X
  106. X    README        - this file
  107. X    ChangeLog   - description of changes
  108. X    Makefile    - make file
  109. X    parr        - reformat and rearrange tool
  110. X    Layout        - description of the format
  111. X
  112. X    The LeTeX kit includes
  113. X
  114. X    refbase.tex - LaTeX source for the Reference Guide
  115. X    refbase.sty - LaTeX style for the Reference Guide
  116. X
  117. X    The PostScript kit includes
  118. X
  119. X    refbase.ps  - pre-generated PostScript base
  120. X
  121. X 2. Create the PostScript base file
  122. X
  123. X    You can skip this step if you already have a pre-generated
  124. X    PostScript base file.
  125. X    This step requires the LaTeX typesetting system, and dvips version
  126. X    5.47 or later.
  127. X
  128. X    - Use "make refbase-ps" (a dash, not a dot) to create a new
  129. X      PostScript file from the LaTeX source. This file can be printed
  130. X      normally. 
  131. X
  132. X    NOTE: dvips must be instructed to use a4 format paper ('-t a4')
  133. X      even if you intend to print on a different format!
  134. X
  135. X 3. Create the RefGuide from the PostScript base
  136. X
  137. X    As distributed, the Makefile is configured to generate output for
  138. X    A4 (21 x 29.7 cm) paper format. Use "make PAPER= ..." to select US
  139. X    Letter (8.5 x 11") format.  Both formats should be printable on
  140. X    all industry-standard PostScript printers.
  141. X
  142. X    You can use "make" to generate a new PostScript file for one of
  143. X    the following formats:
  144. X
  145. X     - Use "make refguide.ps" to create a guide formatted in 10 pages
  146. X       of 2-column text. It should be printed double-sided, stapled in
  147. X       the middle, folded, and cut to size to have a 16-page 3.5 x 8"
  148. X       booklet.
  149. X
  150. X     - Use "make 2pass" to create a set of odd and even pages for
  151. X       double sided printing. First print "guide-odd.ps". Then put the
  152. X       paper back in the tray, and print either "guide-even1.ps" or
  153. X       "guide-even2.ps", depending on the way your printer arranges
  154. X       the printed paper.
  155. X       "guide-even1.ps" is for printers with correct output stacking like
  156. X       Apple LaserWriter II. 
  157. X       "guide-even2.ps" is for printers with reverse output stacking,
  158. X       like old Apple LaserWriters. 
  159. X       In other words, after printing "guide-odd.ps", if the
  160. X       text of the cover page is on top -- use "guide-even1.ps".
  161. X       But if you're looking at the text of pages 9/10 -- use
  162. X       "guide-even2.ps". 
  163. X
  164. X    "make" without arguments will default to refguide.ps .
  165. X
  166. X    If your printout is not correct, feel free to change the figures in
  167. X    subroutine 'twoup' of the 'parr' program. The file Layout
  168. X    describes in more detail how the Guide should look like.
  169. X
  170. X    On printers that support it, duplex printing is done.
  171. X
  172. XComments are welcome, send them to the author.
  173. X
  174. XIF YOU DON'T HAVE A POSTSCRIPT PRINTER
  175. X======================================
  176. X
  177. XLook in perlref.sty for comments with ">>>>" as a guide.  The output
  178. Xwill not be as perfect, but still very useful.
  179. X
  180. XHISTORY
  181. X=======
  182. X
  183. XThe first version of the Reference Guide --"reference card" is was
  184. Xcalled then-- appeared in 1989 with perl version 2.0. It was created
  185. Xusing an Apple Macintosh and the RagTime DeskTop publishing tool.
  186. XIt was 9 pages, I believe. The PostScript output was extracted from
  187. Xthe Mac and hacked for 'normal' use with the macps program.
  188. X
  189. XWith perl version 3 came the next version. A 15-page card format, and
  190. Xa 16-page reference guide. This time, the Guide was created using
  191. XMicroSoft Word, still on Macintosh. Tools were supplied to manipulate
  192. Xthe PostScript file to suit different printing formats.
  193. XIn a later version, the card format was abandoned.
  194. X
  195. XNext came the Camel version, with perl 4.0. Lots of measurements had
  196. Xbeen taken to have the abundance of new functions fit on 16 pages.
  197. X
  198. XAfter the book appeared, I decided to rework the Guide to use more
  199. Xpages, and different styles and fonts for clarity. I reworked the
  200. XMS-Word version, to find out that the resultant PostScript file had
  201. Xincreased from 90Kb to 180Kb! 
  202. XSo I decided to start again, from scratch (well, almost) using the
  203. XLaTeX typesetting system. The resultant PostScript file is now 80Kb,
  204. Xwhile it prints out almost identical to the 180Kb MS-Word version.
  205. X
  206. XCREDITS
  207. X=======
  208. X
  209. XThe Perl Reference Guide is copyrighted by the author. It may be
  210. Xreproduced, printed and distributed freely, as long as the original
  211. Xauthor gets the credits, and the copyright notice is not removed from
  212. Xthe text. It may not be turned into a commercial product except with
  213. Xwritten permission of the author.
  214. X
  215. X---------------------------- author info -----------------------------
  216. X                Johan Vromans
  217. X Multihouse Research, Doesburgweg 7, 2803 PL  Gouda, the Netherlands
  218. X           tel. +31 1820 62911, fax. +31 1820 62500
  219. X              email: <jv@mh.nl>
  220. X----------------------------------------------------------------------
  221. X
  222. XI like to thank everyone who has helped me (and encouraged me) to get
  223. Xthe job done, and to get the results to you. Especially Tom
  224. XChristiansen and JGreely (for "parr") And Larry Wall, of course,
  225. Xwithout whom I would have spent lots of time annoying myself.
  226. X
  227. X
  228. X-- PostScript is a trademark of Adobe, I assume.
  229. X@(#)@ README    4.2.5
  230. END_OF_FILE
  231.   if test 6524 -ne `wc -c <'README'`; then
  232.     echo shar: \"'README'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  233.   fi
  234.   # end of 'README'
  235. fi
  236. if test -f 'refbase.ps.B' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then 
  237.   echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'refbase.ps.B'\"
  238. else
  239.   echo shar: Extracting \"'refbase.ps.B'\" \(43530 characters\)
  240.   sed "s/^X//" >'refbase.ps.B' <<'END_OF_FILE'
  241. X(the)g(list)g(must)472 876 y(be)h(the)f(numerical)g(mode.)354
  242. X941 y Fd(chown\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 997 y(Changes)h(the)f(owner)h
  243. X(and)f(group)g(of)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)h(The)f(\256rst)h(two)f
  244. X(elements)f(of)i(the)472 1054 y(list)f(must)f(be)h(the)h(numerical)f(uid)f
  245. X(and)i(gid.)354 1118 y Fd(truncate\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
  246. XFd(\))472 1175 y Fj(truncates)g Ff(FILE)f Fj(to)g Ff(SIZE)p
  247. XFj(.)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(\256lename)g(or)f(a)h(\256lehandle.)354
  248. X1240 y Fd(link\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472
  249. X1296 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(linked)e(to)h(the)g(old)g
  250. X(\256lename.)354 1361 y Fd(lstat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 1417
  251. Xy Fj(Like)h(stat,)f(but)g(does)g(not)f(traverse)i(a)g(\256nal)g(symbolic)e
  252. X(link.)354 1482 y Fd(mkdir\()p Ff(DIR)p Fd(,)p Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472
  253. X1538 y Fj(Creates)j(a)e(directory)h(with)e(given)h(permissions.)f(Sets)i
  254. XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1603 y Fd(readlink\()p Ff(EXPR)p
  255. XFe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1660 y(Returns)h(the)f(value)g(of)h(a)g(symbolic)d
  256. X(link.)354 1724 y Fd(rename\()p Ff(OLDNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWNAME)p
  257. XFd(\))472 1781 y Fj(Changes)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(\256le.)354
  258. X1846 y Fd(rmdir\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)n Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1902
  259. Xy(Deletes)g(the)f(directory)g(if)h(it)e(is)h(empty)m(.)g(Sets)h
  260. XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1967 y Fd(stat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472
  261. X2023 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(13-element)e(array)j(\()p Fi($)p Fj(dev)m(,)f
  262. XFi($)p Fj(ino,)g Fi($)p Fj(mode,)f Fi($)q Fj(nlink,)f Fi($)q
  263. XFj(uid,)h Fi($)p Fj(gid,)h Fi($)p Fj(rdev)m(,)472 2080 y Fi($)q
  264. XFj(size,)g Fi($)p Fj(atime,)f Fi($)q Fj(mtime,)f Fi($)q Fj(ctime,)h
  265. XFi($)p Fj(blksize,)h Fi($)p Fj(blocks\).)f Ff(FILE)g Fj(can)h(be)g(a)472
  266. X2136 y(\256lehandle,)g(an)e(expression)g(evaluating)g(to)g(a)h(\256lename,)g
  267. X(or)g Fi(_)g Fj(to)f(refer)i(to)e(the)h(last)f(\256le)472 2193
  268. Xy(test)h(operation.)472 2249 y(Returns)h(a)g(null)e(list)g(if)i(the)f
  269. XFd(stat)g Fj(fails.)354 2314 y Fd(symlink\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p
  270. XFd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 2370 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g
  271. X(symbolically)d(linked)i(to)g(the)g(old)g(\256lename.)354 2435
  272. Xy Fd(unlink\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2491 y(Deletes)h(a)f(list)g(of)g
  273. X(\256les.)354 2556 y Fd(utime\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  274. X2613 y(Changes)h(the)f(access)h(and)f(modi\256cation)f(times.)g(The)i
  275. X(\256rst)f(two)g(elements)f(of)h(the)g(list)472 2669 y(must)g(be)g(the)g
  276. X(numerical)g(access)h(and)g(modi\256cation)e(times.)p 354 3018
  277. X1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(8)p eop
  278. X%%Page: 9 11
  279. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  280. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(14.)19 b(Directory)j(reading)e(routines)p 355
  281. X19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(closedir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p
  282. XFj(*)472 176 y(Closes)12 b(a)f(directory)h(opened)f(by)g(opendir)m(.)354
  283. X241 y Fd(opendir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(DIRNAME)p Fd(\))472
  284. X297 y Fj(Opens)h(a)f(directory)g(on)h(the)f(handle)g(speci\256ed.)354
  285. X362 y Fd(readdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 418 y(Returns)h(the)f
  286. X(next)g(entry)g(\(or)h(an)g(array)g(of)f(entries\))h(in)f(the)g(directory)m
  287. X(.)354 483 y Fd(rewinddir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  288. X540 y(Positions)f(the)i(directory)f(to)g(the)g(beginning.)354
  289. X604 y Fd(seekdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(\))472
  290. X661 y Fj(Sets)h(position)e(for)h(readdir)h(on)f(the)g(directory)m(.)354
  291. X725 y Fd(telldir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 782 y(Returns)h(the)f
  292. X(postion)f(in)h(the)g(directory)m(.)355 905 y Fl(15.)19 b(Input)i(/)e(Output)
  293. Xp 355 926 V 354 1027 a Fj(In)12 b(input/output)c(operations,)k
  294. XFf(FILEHANDLE)e Fj(may)h(be)h(a)f(\256lehandle)h(as)f(opened)h(by)f(the)354
  295. X1083 y Fd(open)i Fj(operator)n(,)f(or)g(a)f(scalar)h(variable)g(which)f
  296. X(evaluates)g(to)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(a)g(\256lehandle)f(to)354
  297. X1140 y(be)h(used.)354 1204 y Fd(binmode\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  298. XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 1261 y(Arranges)g(for)g(the)f(\256le)h(opened)f(on)g
  299. XFf(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(to)g(be)g(read)h(in)f(\252binary\272)h(mode)472
  300. X1317 y(as)g(opposed)f(to)f(\252text\272)i(mode)f(\(MS-DOS)h(only\).)354
  301. X1382 y Fd(close\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1438 y(Closes)g(the)f
  302. X(\256le)h(or)f(pipe)g(associated)g(with)g(the)g(\256le)h(handle.)354
  303. X1503 y Fd(dbmclose\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  304. X1560 y(Breaks)h(the)e(binding)f(between)h(the)h(array)g(and)f(the)g(dbm)g
  305. X(\256le.)354 1624 y Fd(dbmopen\()p Fi(\045)r Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p
  306. XFd(,)p Ff(DBMNAME)p Fd(,)d Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472 1681 y Fj(Binds)j(a)h(dbm)f
  307. X(or)g(ndbm)g(\256le)g(to)g(the)h(associative)e(array)m(.)j(If)f(the)f
  308. X(database)h(does)f(not)472 1737 y(exist,)h(it)e(is)h(created)h(with)f(the)g
  309. X(indicated)g(mode.)354 1802 y Fd(eof\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472
  310. X1859 y Fj(Returns)h(1)f(if)g(the)h(next)f(read)h(will)e(return)i(end)f(of)g
  311. X(\256le,)i(or)e(if)g(the)h(\256le)f(is)g(not)g(open.)354 1923
  312. Xy Fd(eof)56 b Fj(Returns)12 b(the)f(eof)h(status)e(for)i(the)f(last)g(\256le)
  313. Xh(read.)354 1988 y Fd(eof\()g(\))472 2045 y Fj(Indicates)g(eof)f(on)h(the)f
  314. X(pseudo)f(\256le)i(formed)g(of)f(the)g(\256les)h(listed)e(on)h(the)g(command)
  315. X472 2101 y(line.)354 2166 y Fd(fcntl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  316. XFf(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)o Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(\))472 2222 y Fj(Implements)f(the)
  317. Xi Fb(fcntl)p Fj(\(2\))f(function.)g(This)f(function)h(has)g(non-standard)g
  318. X(return)472 2279 y(values.)h(See)g(the)g(manual)e(for)i(details.)354
  319. X2343 y Fd(\256leno\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2400
  320. Xy(Returns)g(the)f(\256le)h(descriptor)f(for)h(a)f(given)g(\(open\))h(\256le.)
  321. X354 2465 y Fd(\257ock\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPERA)m(TION)p
  322. XFd(\))472 2521 y Fj(Calls)f Fb(\257ock)q Fj(\(2\))g(on)g(the)g(\256le.)g
  323. XFf(OPERA)m(TION)g Fj(adds)f(from)h(1)g(\(shared\),)g(2)g(\(exclusive\),)g(4)
  324. X472 2578 y(\(non-blocking\))g(or)g(8)g(\(unlock\).)354 2642
  325. Xy Fd(getc)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  326. X2699 y(Y)m(ields)h(the)f(next)g(character)i(from)e(the)g(\256le,)h(or)g
  327. XFi("")g Fj(on)f(EOF)l(.)h(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 2755
  328. Xy(omitted,)g(reads)h(from)f Fi(STDIN)p Fj(.)354 2820 y Fd(ioctl\()p
  329. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)n Ff(V)m(AR)p
  330. XFd(\))472 2876 y Fj(performs)h Fb(ioctl)p Fj(\(2\))f(on)g(the)g(\256le.)h
  331. X(This)f(function)f(has)i(non-standard)e(return)i(values.)472
  332. X2933 y(See)h(the)e(manual)g(for)h(details.)p 354 3018 1512
  333. X3 v 354 3065 a Fg(9)p eop
  334. X%%Page: 10 12
  335. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  336. X3 v 354 -12 a Fd(open\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(FILENAME)p
  337. XFj(])p Fd(\))472 45 y Fj(Opens)f(a)f(\256le)h(and)f(associates)g(it)g(with)g
  338. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(.)g(If)g Ff(FILENAME)f Fj(is)h(omitted,)472
  339. X101 y(the)h(scalar)g(variable)f(of)h(the)f(same)g(name)g(as)h(the)f
  340. XFf(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(must)h(contain)f(the)472 158 y(\256lename.)472
  341. X222 y(The)i(following)e(\256lename)i(conventions)e(apply)h(when)g(opening)f
  342. X(a)i(\256le.)472 287 y Fi(")p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")95 b Fj(open)11
  343. Xb Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(input.)e(Also)h Fi("<)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")p
  344. XFj(.)472 352 y Fi(">)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")68 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  345. XFj(for)h(output,)e(creating)i(it)e(if)i(necessary)m(.)472 417
  346. Xy Fi(">>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(in)g(append)g(mode.)
  347. X472 482 y Fi("+>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  348. XFj(with)g(read/write)g(access.)472 546 y Fi("|)q Ff(CMD)p Fi(")60
  349. Xb Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(to)g(command)g Ff(CMD)p Fj(.)472
  350. X611 y Fi(")p Ff(CMD)p Fi(|)q(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(from)h(command)e
  351. XFf(CMD)p Fj(.)472 676 y Ff(FILE)i Fj(may)f(be)g Fi(&)p Ff(FILEHND)g
  352. XFj(in)g(which)g(case)h(the)g(new)f(\256le)h(handle)f(is)g(connected)g(to)472
  353. X732 y(the)h(\(previously)e(opened\))i(\256lehandle)f Ff(FILEHND)p
  354. XFj(.)472 797 y Fd(open)i Fj(returns)e(1)g(upon)g(success,)h
  355. XFd(undef)g Fj(otherwise,)g(except)f(for)h(pipes.)f(The)472
  356. X853 y(parentheses)h(may)f(be)g(omitted,)g(if)g(only)g(a)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  357. XFj(is)g(speci\256ed.)354 918 y Fd(pipe\()p Ff(READHANDLE)p
  358. XFd(,)p Ff(WRITEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 975 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(pair)f(of)g
  359. X(connected)h(pipes.)354 1039 y Fd(print)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p
  360. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])p Ff(LIST)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1096
  361. Xy(Prints)f(a)h(string)f(or)g(a)h(comma-separated)f(list)f(of)i(strings.)e(If)
  362. Xi Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 1152 y(omitted,)g(prints)f(by)h(default)h(to)e
  363. X(standard)i(output)e(\(or)h(to)g(the)h(last)e(selected)i(output)472
  364. X1209 y(channel)g(-)f(see)h Fd(select)p Fj(\).)354 1274 y Fd(printf)p
  365. XFj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])f Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p
  366. XFj(*])472 1330 y(Equivalent)g(to)g Fd(print)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  367. XFd(sprintf\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(.)354 1395 y Fd(read\()p
  368. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p
  369. XFj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 1451 y Fj(Read)i
  370. XFf(LENGTH)e Fj(binary)h(bytes)e(from)i(the)f(\256le)h(into)e(the)h(variable)h
  371. X(at)f Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)472 1508 y(Returns)h(number)f(of)g(bytes)g(actually)g
  372. X(read.)354 1572 y Fd(seek\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POSITION)p
  373. XFd(,)p Ff(WHENCE)p Fd(\))472 1629 y Fj(Arbitrarily)g(positions)f(the)h
  374. X(\256le.)h(Returns)f(1)h(upon)e(success,)i(0)f(otherwise.)354
  375. X1694 y Fd(select)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  376. X1750 y(Returns)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(\256lehandle.)g(Sets)f(the)h
  377. X(current)f(default)g(\256lehandle)472 1807 y(for)h(output)e(operations)h(if)g
  378. XFf(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g(supplied.)354 1871 y Fd(select\()p
  379. XFf(RBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(WBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(NBITS)p Fd(,)o Ff(TIMEOUT)p
  380. XFd(\))472 1928 y Fj(Performs)h(a)g Fb(select)p Fj(\(2\))g(system)e(call)i
  381. X(with)e(the)h(same)h(parameters.)354 1993 y Fd(sprintf\()p
  382. XFf(FORMA)m(T)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 2049 y Fj(Returns)g(a)g(string)e
  383. X(formatted)h(by)g(\(almost)f(all)i(of\))f(the)g(usual)g(printf)g
  384. X(conventions.)354 2114 y Fd(sysread\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  385. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p
  386. XFj(])p Fd(\))472 2170 y Fj(Reads)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)f(into)g
  387. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)g Fj(at)g Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2235 y Fd(syswrite\()p
  388. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p
  389. XFd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2291 y Fj(W)n(rites)h Ff(LENGTH)g
  390. XFj(bytes)e(from)i Ff(SCALAR)e Fj(at)h Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354
  391. X2356 y Fd(tell)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472
  392. X2413 y(Returns)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)g(position)d(for)j(the)f(\256le.)h
  393. X(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)f(omitted,)472 2469 y(assumes)h(the)g(\256le)h
  394. X(last)f(read.)354 2534 y Fd(write)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  395. XFd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2590 y(W)n(rites)h(a)f(formatted)g(record)h(to)f(the)h
  396. X(speci\256ed)f(\256le,)i(using)d(the)h(format)g(associated)472
  397. X2647 y(with)g(that)g(\256le.)h(See)g(\252Formats\272.)p 354
  398. X3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg(10)p eop
  399. X%%Page: 11 13
  400. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  401. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(16.)19 b(Search)i(and)g(replace)f(functions)p
  402. X355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj([)p Ff(EXPR)11 b Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h([)p
  403. XFd(m)p Fj(])p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p
  404. XFj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 176 y(Searches)h Ff(EXPR)e
  405. XFj(\(default:)g Fi($_)p Fj(\))h(for)g(a)f(pattern.)h(If)g(you)f(prepend)g(an)
  406. Xh Fd(m)f Fj(you)g(can)h(use)472 232 y(almost)f(any)g(pair)g(of)h(characters)g
  407. X(as)g(delimiters.)e(If)i(used)f(in)g(array)h(context,)g(an)f(array)472
  408. X289 y(is)g(returned)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(subexpressions)f(matched)h(by)g
  409. X(the)g(parentheses)h(in)472 345 y(pattern,)g(i.e.)g Fi(\($1,$2,$3)q(,.)q
  410. X(..\))q Fj(.)472 402 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(matches)f(as)h
  411. X(many)e(times)h(as)g(possible;)f Fd(i)h Fj(searches)h(in)f(a)472
  412. X458 y(case-insensitive)g(manner;)g Fd(o)h Fj(interpolates)e(variables)i(only)
  413. Xe(once.)472 515 y(If)i Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  414. X(recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 571
  415. Xy(replacement)h(is)f(used.)472 628 y(W)n(ith)g Fd(g)h Fj(the)f(match)g(can)h
  416. X(be)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(iterator)f(in)g(scalar)h(context.)354
  417. X692 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)472 749 y Fj(This)f(is)g(just)f(like)h
  418. X(the)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(search,)h(except)e(that)g(it)g
  419. X(matches)g(only)g(once)472 805 y(between)h(calls)f(to)g(the)g(reset)h
  420. X(operator)m(.)g(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  421. X(recent)472 862 y(pattern)h(from)f(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)h(replacement)f
  422. X(is)g(used.)354 926 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h
  423. XFd(s)p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENT)p Fi(/)p
  424. XFj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(e)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p
  425. XFj(])472 983 y(Searches)h(a)f(string)e(for)i(a)g(pattern,)f(and)h(if)f
  426. X(found,)g(replaces)h(that)f(pattern)g(with)g(the)472 1039 y(replacement)h
  427. X(text)f(and)g(returns)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(substitutions)d(made.)k
  428. X(Otherwise)f(it)472 1096 y(returns)h(false.)472 1152 y(Optional)f
  429. X(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(replaces)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(pattern;)
  430. Xg Fd(e)g Fj(interprets)g(the)472 1209 y(replacement)h(string)e(as)i(an)f
  431. X(expression;)g Fd(i)g Fj(and)g Fd(o)h Fj(as)f(with)g Fi(/)p
  432. XFf(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(matching.)472 1265 y(Almost)e(any)i(delimiter)e
  433. X(may)h(replace)h(the)f(slashes;)g(if)g(single)g(quotes)f(are)j(used,)e(no)472
  434. X1322 y(interpretation)g(is)g(done)g(on)g(the)g(replacement)h(string.)472
  435. X1378 y(If)g(bracketing)f(quotes)g(are)h(used,)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  436. XFj(and)g Ff(REPLACEMENT)f Fj(may)h(have)472 1434 y(their)h(own)f(delimiters,)
  437. Xf(e.g.)i Fi(s\(foo\)[b)q(ar])q Fj(.)472 1491 y(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  438. XFj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e
  439. X(match)h(or)472 1547 y(replacement)h(is)f(used.)354 1612 y
  440. XFd(study)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  441. XFj(*])472 1669 y(Study)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)f
  442. XFj(in)g(anticipation)f(of)h(doing)g(many)g(pattern)g(matches)472
  443. X1725 y(on)h(the)f(contents)f(before)i(it)f(is)g(next)g(modi\256ed.)354
  444. X1790 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(tr)p Fi(/)p
  445. XFf(SEARCHLIST)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENTLIST)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(c)p
  446. XFj(][)p Fd(d)p Fj(][)p Fd(s)p Fj(])472 1846 y(T)n(ranslates)g(all)f
  447. X(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(characters)i(found)e(in)f(the)i(search)g(list)e
  448. X(with)h(the)472 1903 y(corresponding)g(character)i(in)e(the)g(replacement)h
  449. X(list.)e(It)i(returns)f(the)g(number)g(of)472 1959 y(characters)i(replaced.)f
  450. XFd(y)g Fj(may)f(be)g(used)h(instead)e(of)i Fd(tr)p Fj(.)472
  451. X2016 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(c)i Fj(complements)e(the)h
  452. XFf(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)f Fd(d)h Fj(deletes)h(all)472 2072 y(characters)h(not)e
  453. X(found)g(in)g Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)e Fd(s)j Fj(squeezes)g(all)f(sequences)g
  454. X(of)472 2129 y(characters)i(that)e(are)h(translated)f(into)f(the)i(same)f
  455. X(tar)o(get)g(character)i(into)e(one)472 2185 y(occurrence)i(of)f(this)e
  456. X(character)m(.)355 2417 y Fl(17.)19 b(System)i(interaction)p
  457. X355 2438 V 354 2539 a Fd(alarm\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  458. X2595 y(Schedules)12 b(a)g Fi(SIGALRM)i Fj(to)d(be)g(delivered)h(after)g
  459. XFf(EXPR)e Fj(seconds.)354 2660 y Fd(chdir)i Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  460. XFf(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2716 y(Changes)g(the)f(working)g(directory)m(,)h
  461. XFi($ENV{"HOME)q("})j Fj(if)c Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)f(omitted.)354
  462. X2781 y Fd(chroot\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  463. X2837 y(Changes)i(the)f(root)g(directory)h(for)f(the)g(process)h(and)f(its)g
  464. X(children.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(11)p eop
  465. X%%Page: 12 14
  466. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  467. X3 v 354 -12 a Fd(die)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  468. X45 y(Prints)e(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(to)e Fi(STDERR)k
  469. XFj(and)e(exits)e(with)h(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h Fi($!)472
  470. X101 y Fj(\(errno\).)h(If)f Fi($!)g Fj(is)f(0,)h(exits)e(with)h(the)g(value)g
  471. X(of)h Fi(\($?)28 b(>>)h(8\))p Fj(.)12 b(If)g Fi(\($?)29 b(>>)f(8\))12
  472. Xb Fj(is)472 158 y(0,)g(exits)f(with)f(255.)i Ff(LIST)f Fj(defaults)g(to)g
  473. XFi("Died.")p Fj(.)354 222 y Fd(exec\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  474. X279 y(Executes)h(the)f(system)f(command)h(in)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(;)f(does)i(not)e
  475. X(return.)354 344 y Fd(exit\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 400
  476. Xy(Exits)h(immediately)e(with)i(the)g(value)h(of)f Fi(EXPR)p
  477. XFj(.)354 465 y Fd(fork)40 b Fj(Does)12 b(a)f Fb(fork)q Fj(\(2\))g(system)g
  478. X(call.)g(Returns)h(the)f(child)g(pid)g(to)f(the)i(parent)f(process)h(and)472
  479. X521 y(zero)g(to)f(the)h(child)e(process.)354 586 y Fd(getlogin)472
  480. X643 y Fj(Returns)i(the)f(current)h(login)e(name)h(as)h(known)f(by)g(the)g
  481. X(system.)354 707 y Fd(getpgrp)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(\))p
  482. XFj(*])472 764 y(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(group)g(for)h(process)f
  483. XFf(PID)g Fj(\(0,)h(or)f(omitted,)g(means)g(the)g(current)472
  484. X820 y(process\).)354 885 y Fd(getppid)472 941 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(process)g
  485. X(id)g(of)h(the)f(parent)h(process.)354 1006 y Fd(getpriority\()p
  486. XFf(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(\))472 1063 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(current)h
  487. X(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h(group,)f(or)h(user)m(.)354
  488. X1127 y Fd(kill\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1184 y(Sends)g(a)g(signal)e(to)
  489. Xh(a)h(list)e(of)h(processes.)h(The)g(\256rst)f(element)g(of)h(the)f(list)f
  490. X(must)g(be)i(the)472 1240 y(signal)f(to)g(send)g(\(numeric,)h(or)f(its)g
  491. X(name)g(as)g(a)h(string\).)354 1305 y Fd(setpgrp\()p Ff(PID)p
  492. XFd(,)p Ff(PGRP)p Fd(\))472 1362 y Fj(Sets)g(the)f(process)h(group)e(for)i
  493. X(the)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0)g(=)h(current)f(process\).)354 1426
  494. Xy Fd(setpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(,)p Ff(PRIO)p
  495. XFd(\))472 1483 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f
  496. X(process)h(group,)f(or)h(a)f(user)m(.)354 1548 y Fd(sleep)p
  497. XFj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1604 y(Causes)h(the)f(script)g(to)
  498. Xf(sleep)h(for)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds,)h(or)g(forever)h(if)g(no)e
  499. XFf(EXPR)p Fj(.)h(Returns)472 1660 y(the)h(number)f(of)g(seconds)g(actually)g
  500. X(slept.)354 1725 y Fd(syscall\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  501. X1782 y(Calls)h(the)f(system)f(call)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(\256rst)h
  502. X(element)f(of)g(the)h(list,)e(passing)h(the)g(rest)472 1838
  503. Xy(of)h(the)f(list)f(as)i(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(the)g(call.)354
  504. X1903 y Fd(system\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1959 y(Does)h(exactly)f(the)g
  505. X(same)g(thing)g(as)g Fd(exec)h Ff(LIST)f Fj(except)h(that)f(a)g(fork)h(is)f
  506. X(done)g(\256rst,)472 2016 y(and)h(the)f(parent)h(process)f(waits)g(for)g(the)
  507. Xh(child)e(process)i(to)f(complete.)354 2081 y Fd(times)472
  508. X2137 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(4-element)f(array)h(\()p Fi($)p Fj(user)n(,)h
  509. XFi($)p Fj(system,)e Fi($)p Fj(cuser)n(,)h Fi($)q Fj(csystem\))e(giving)h(the)
  510. X472 2193 y(user)h(and)f(system)g(times,)f(in)h(seconds,)h(for)f(this)g
  511. X(process)g(and)g(the)h(children)f(of)g(this)472 2250 y(process.)354
  512. X2315 y Fd(umask)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  513. X2371 y(Sets)h(the)f(umask)g(for)g(the)h(process)f(and)g(returns)h(the)f(old)g
  514. X(one.)g(If)h Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(omitted,)472 2428 y(returns)h(current)f(umask)
  515. Xg(value.)354 2492 y Fd(wait)37 b Fj(W)l(aits)12 b(for)f(a)h(child)f(process)g
  516. X(to)g(terminate)g(and)g(returns)h(the)f(pid)g(of)g(the)g(deceased)472
  517. X2549 y(process)h(\(-1)f(if)h(none\).)g(The)f(status)f(is)h(returned)h(in)f
  518. XFi($?)p Fj(.)354 2614 y Fd(waitpid\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  519. XFd(\))472 2670 y Fj(Performs)h(the)f(same)h(function)e(as)i(the)f
  520. X(corresponding)g(system)f(call.)354 2735 y Fd(warn\()p Ff(LIST)p
  521. XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 2791 y(Prints)h(the)h(message)f(on)g Fi(STDERR)j
  522. XFj(like)d Fd(die)p Fj(,)g(but)g(doesn')o(t)g(exit.)p 354 3018
  523. XV 1811 3065 a Fg(12)p eop
  524. X%%Page: 13 15
  525. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  526. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(18.)19 b(Networking)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119
  527. Xa Fd(accept\()p Ff(NEWSOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(GENERICSOCKET)p Fd(\))472
  528. X176 y Fj(Accepts)12 b(a)g(new)f(socket.)354 241 y Fd(bind\()p
  529. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y Fj(Binds)g(the)h
  530. XFf(NAME)e Fj(to)h(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 362 y Fd(connect\()p
  531. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 418 y Fj(Connects)h(the)f
  532. XFf(NAME)f Fj(to)h(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 483 y Fd(getpeername\()p
  533. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 540 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(socket)g(address)h(of)f(the)g
  534. X(other)g(end)h(of)f(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 604 y Fd(getsockname\()p
  535. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 661 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f(socket.)354
  536. X725 y Fd(getsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  537. XFf(OPTNAME)p Fd(\))472 782 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(socket)g(options.)354
  538. X847 y Fd(listen\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(QUEUESIZE)p Fd(\))472
  539. X903 y Fj(Starts)h(listening)e(on)h(the)g(speci\256ed)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  540. XFj(.)354 968 y Fd(recv\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p
  541. XFf(LENGTH)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 1024 y Fj(Receives)h(a)e(message)h
  542. X(on)f Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1089 y Fd(send\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p
  543. XFf(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS[)p Fd(,)p Ff(T)o(O)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472
  544. X1146 y Fj(Sends)h(a)g(message)f(on)g(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354
  545. X1210 y Fd(setsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  546. XFf(OPTNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTV)m(AL)p Fd(\))472 1267 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f
  547. X(requested)h(socket)f(option.)354 1332 y Fd(shutdown\()p Ff(SOCKET)p
  548. XFd(,)p Ff(HOW)p Fd(\))472 1388 y Fj(Shuts)g(down)g(a)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  549. XFj(.)354 1453 y Fd(socket\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p
  550. XFd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1509 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e
  551. XFf(SOCKET)h Fj(in)f Ff(DOMAIN)f Fj(with)h Ff(TYPE)f Fj(and)i
  552. XFf(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fj(.)354 1574 y Fd(socketpair\()p Ff(SOCKET1)p
  553. XFd(,)p Ff(SOCKET2)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  554. XFf(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1630 y Fj(As)g(socket,)f(but)g(creates)h(a)g(pair)
  555. Xf(of)h(bi-directional)e(sockets.)355 1874 y Fl(19.)19 b(SystemV)i(IPC)p
  556. X355 1895 V 354 1995 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(functions)g(all)h(perform)h
  557. X(the)f(same)g(action)g(as)h(the)f(corresponding)f(system)354
  558. X2052 y(calls.)354 2117 y Fd(msgctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p
  559. XFd(,)p Ff(ARGS)p Fd(\))354 2173 y(msgget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p
  560. XFf(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2230 y(msgsnd\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p
  561. XFd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2286 y(msgrcv\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p
  562. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  563. XFf(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2342 y(semctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(SEMNUM)p
  564. XFd(,)p Ff(CM)o(D)p Fd(,)p Ff(A)o(RG)p Fd(\))354 2399 y(semget\()p
  565. XFf(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(NSEMS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SI)o(ZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  566. XFd(\))354 2455 y(semop\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Fj(...)p Fd(\))354
  567. X2512 y(shmctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARG)p Fd(\))354
  568. X2568 y(shmget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  569. XFd(\))354 2625 y(shmread\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p
  570. XFd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(\))354 2681 y(shmwrite\()p
  571. XFf(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(STRING)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
  572. XFd(\))p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(13)p eop
  573. X%%Page: 14 16
  574. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  575. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(20.)19 b(Miscellaneous)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354
  576. X119 a Fd(caller)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  577. X176 y(Returns)12 b(an)f(array)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(package,)p Fi($)r
  578. XFj(\256le,)p Fi($)q Fj(line,...\))g(for)e(a)h(speci\256c)g(subroutine)e
  579. X(call.)472 232 y(\252)p Fi(caller)p Fj(\272)15 b(returns)c(this)f(info)h(for)
  580. Xh(the)f(current)h(subroutine,)f(\252)p Fi(caller\(1\))p Fj(\272)k(for)472
  581. X289 y(the)d(caller)f(of)h(this)e(subroutine)h(etc..)354 354
  582. Xy Fd(de\256ned\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 410 y(T)m(ests)g(whether)h(the)
  583. Xf(lvalue)g Ff(EXPR)f Fj(has)i(a)f(real)h(value.)354 475 y Fd(dump)h
  584. XFj([)p Ff(LABEL)p Fj(])472 531 y(Immediate)e(core)h(dump.)f(When)g
  585. X(reincarnated,)i(starts)e(at)g Ff(LABEL)p Fj(.)354 596 y Fd(local\()p
  586. XFf(LIST)p Fd(\))472 652 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(scope)h(for)g(the)f(listed)f
  587. X(variables)h(local)h(to)e(the)i(enclosing)e(block,)472 709
  588. Xy(subroutine)h(or)g(eval.)354 774 y Fd(package)i Ff(NAME)472
  589. X830 y Fj(Designates)e(the)g(remainder)h(of)f(the)h(current)f(block)g(as)h(a)f
  590. X(package.)354 895 y Fd(require\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  591. XFj(*)472 951 y(Includes)h(the)f(speci\256ed)h(\256le)f(from)g(the)h(perl)f
  592. X(library)m(.)h(Does)f(not)g(include)g(more)g(than)472 1008
  593. Xy(once,)h(and)g(yields)e(a)i(fatal)g(error)g(if)f(the)g(\256le)h(does)f(not)g
  594. X(include)g(OK.)354 1073 y Fd(reset)h Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p
  595. XFd(\))p Fj(*])472 1129 y(Resets)g Fi(??)g Fj(searches)g(so)f(that)g(they)g
  596. X(work)h(again.)f Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(single)g(letters.)472
  597. X1185 y(All)g(variables)g(and)h(arrays)g(beginning)e(with)g(one)i(of)f(those)g
  598. X(letters)g(are)h(reset)g(to)f(their)472 1242 y(pristine)g(state.)g(Only)g(af)
  599. Xo(fects)h(the)g(current)f(package.)354 1307 y Fd(scalar\()p
  600. XFf(EXPR)p Fd(\))472 1363 y Fj(Forces)i(evaluation)d(of)i Ff(EXPR)e
  601. XFj(in)h(scalar)h(context.)354 1428 y Fd(sub)h Ff(NAME)d Fi({)i
  602. XFf(EXPR)e Fi(;)i Fj(...)h Fi(})472 1484 y Fj(Designates)e Ff(NAME)g
  603. XFj(as)g(a)h(subroutine.)e(Parameters)j(are)f(passed)f(by)g(reference)i(as)472
  604. X1541 y(array)g Fi(@_)p Fj(.)f(Returns)g(the)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g
  605. X(expression)f(evaluated.)354 1606 y Fd(undef)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  606. XFf(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1662 y(Unde\256nes)i(the)f
  607. XFf(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(.)g(Always)g(returns)g(the)g(unde\256ned)h(value.)354
  608. X1727 y Fd(wantarray)472 1783 y Fj(Returns)g(true)f(if)h(the)f(current)h
  609. X(context)e(expects)i(an)f(array)i(value.)355 1906 y Fl(21.)19
  610. Xb(Formats)p 355 1927 V 354 2028 a Fd(format)12 b Fj([)p Ff(NAME)p
  611. XFj(])f Fi(=)354 2084 y Ff(FORMLIST)354 2141 y Fi(.)354 2206
  612. Xy Ff(FORMLIST)h Fj(pictures)f(the)g(lines,)g(and)g(contains)g(the)g(ar)o
  613. X(guments)g(which)g(will)f(give)h(values)354 2262 y(to)g(the)g(\256elds)h(in)f
  614. X(the)g(lines.)g(Picture)h(\256elds)f(are:)409 2327 y Fi(@<<<...)69
  615. Xb Fj(left)11 b(adjusted)g(\256eld,)h(repeat)g(the)f Fi(<)h
  616. XFj(to)f(denote)g(the)g(desired)h(width;)409 2383 y Fi(@>>>...)69
  617. Xb Fj(right)11 b(adjusted)f(\256eld;)409 2440 y Fi(@|)q(||)q(...)67
  618. Xb Fj(centered)12 b(\256eld;)409 2496 y Fi(@#.##...)42 b Fj(numeric)11
  619. Xb(format)g(with)g(implied)f(decimal)h(point;)409 2553 y Fi(@*)204
  620. Xb Fj(a)12 b(multi-line)d(\256eld.)354 2617 y(Use)j Fi(\303)g
  621. XFj(instead)e(of)i Fi(@)g Fj(for)f(multi-line)f(block)h(\256lling.)354
  622. X2682 y(Use)h Fi(\304)g Fj(at)f(the)g(beginning)f(of)i(a)f(line)g(to)g
  623. X(suppress)g(unwanted)g(empty)f(lines.)354 2747 y(Use)i Fi(\304\304)g
  624. XFj(at)f(the)h(beginning)e(of)h(a)h(line)f(to)g(have)g(this)g(format)g(line)g
  625. X(repeated)h(until)e(all)h(\256elds)354 2803 y(are)h(exhausted.)354
  626. X2868 y(Use)g Fi($-)g Fj(to)f(zero)h(to)f(force)h(a)g(page)f(break.)354
  627. X2933 y(See)i(also)e Fi($\303)p Fj(,)h Fi($\304)p Fj(,)h Fi($-)f
  628. XFj(and)f Fi($=)i Fj(in)e(section)f(\252Special)j(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)p
  629. X354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(14)p eop
  630. X%%Page: 15 17
  631. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  632. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(22.)19 b(Info)h(from)h(system)g(\256les)p 355
  633. X19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(See)13 b(the)e(manual)g(about)g(return)g(values)g
  634. X(in)g(scalar)h(context.)354 184 y Fg(passwd)354 241 y Fj(Returns)g(\()p
  635. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(uid,)g Fi($)q
  636. XFj(gid,)g Fi($)p Fj(quota,)h Fi($)p Fj(comment,)f Fi($)p Fj(gcos,)h
  637. XFi($)p Fj(dir)n(,)g Fi($)p Fj(shell\).)354 305 y Fd(endpwent)517
  638. Xb Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 370 y Fd(getpwent)528
  639. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 435 y Fd(getpwnam\()p Ff(NAME)p
  640. XFd(\))356 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 500 y Fd(getpwuid\()p
  641. XFf(UID)p Fd(\))428 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(uid.)354 564
  642. Xy Fd(setpwent)530 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354
  643. X654 y Fg(group)354 711 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  644. XFi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(gid,)g Fi($)q Fj(members\).)354
  645. X775 y Fd(endgrent)533 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  646. X840 y Fd(getgrgid\()p Ff(GID)p Fd(\))442 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(group)g
  647. X(id.)354 905 y Fd(getgrnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))372 b Fj(Gets)11
  648. Xb(info)g(by)g(name.)354 970 y Fd(getgrent)544 b Fj(Gets)11
  649. Xb(next)g(info.)354 1034 y Fd(setgrent)546 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  650. X(processing.)354 1124 y Fg(hosts)354 1180 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  651. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h
  652. XFi($)p Fj(length,)f(@addrs\).)354 1245 y Fd(endhostent)487
  653. Xb Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1310 y Fd(gethostbyaddr\()p
  654. XFf(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(ADDR)o(TYPE)p Fd(\))39 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  655. X(address.)354 1375 y Fd(gethostbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))255
  656. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 1439 y Fd(gethostent)498
  657. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1504 y Fd(sethostent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p
  658. XFd(\))251 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 1594 y
  659. XFg(networks)354 1650 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  660. XFi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h Fi($)p Fj(net\).)354
  661. X1715 y Fd(endnetent)512 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  662. X1780 y Fd(getnetbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(\))181
  663. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(address)h(and)f(type.)354 1845 y
  664. XFd(getnetbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))280 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354
  665. X1909 y Fd(getnetent)523 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1974
  666. Xy Fd(setnetent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))276 b Fj(Resets)12
  667. Xb(lookup)e(processing.)354 2064 y Fg(services)354 2120 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  668. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(port,)h Fi($)p
  669. XFj(proto\).)354 2185 y Fd(endservent)489 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)
  670. X354 2250 y Fd(getservbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(,)i Ff(PROT)o(O)p
  671. XFd(\))87 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2315 y Fd(getservbyport\()p
  672. XFf(POR)o(T)p Fd(,)j Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))120 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(port.)
  673. X354 2379 y Fd(getservent)500 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354
  674. X2444 y Fd(setservent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))253 b Fj(Resets)12
  675. Xb(lookup)e(processing.)354 2534 y Fg(protocols)354 2590 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  676. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(proto\).)354
  677. X2655 y Fd(endprotoent)469 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  678. X2720 y Fd(getprotobyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))237 b Fj(Gets)11
  679. Xb(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2784 y Fd(getprotobynumber\()p Ff(NUMBER)p
  680. XFd(\))134 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(number)m(.)354 2849 y
  681. XFd(getprotoent)480 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2914 y Fd(setprotoent\()p
  682. XFf(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))233 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)p
  683. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(15)p eop
  684. X%%Page: 16 18
  685. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  686. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(23.)19 b(Regular)i(expressions)p 355 19 1512
  687. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(Each)12 b(character)h(matches)e(itself,)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h
  688. X(one)h(of)f(the)g(special)g(characters)354 176 y Fi(+?.*\(\)[])q({}|)t(\\)p
  689. XFj(.)354 241 y Fi(.)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(an)h(arbitrary)g(character)n(,)h
  690. X(but)e(not)f(a)i(newline.)354 305 y Fi(\()p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e
  691. XFi(\))21 b Fj(groups)11 b(a)h(series)f(of)h(pattern)f(elements)g(to)g(a)g
  692. X(single)g(element.)354 370 y Fi(+)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(the)h(preceding)f
  693. X(pattern)g(element)g(one)h(or)f(more)g(times.)354 435 y Fi(?)91
  694. Xb Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(one)f(times.)354 500 y Fi(*)91
  695. Xb Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(more)f(times.)354 564 y Fi({)q
  696. XFf(N)p Fi(,)p Ff(M)p Fi(})21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(the)g(minimum)e
  697. XFf(N)i Fj(and)h(maximum)d Ff(M)i Fj(match)g(count.)h Fi({)p
  698. XFf(N)p Fi(})g Fj(means)472 621 y(exactly)g Ff(N)f Fj(times;)f
  699. XFi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(,})j Fj(means)e(at)g(least)g Ff(N)h Fj(times.)354
  700. X686 y Fi([)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi(])21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(a)h(class)f(of)h
  701. X(characters)g(to)f(match.)h Fi([\303)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi(])12
  702. Xb Fj(negates)f(the)g(class.)354 750 y Fi(\()p Fc(:)d(:)g(:)e
  703. XFi(|)q Fc(:)i(:)g(:)d Fi(|)q Fc(:)j(:)g(:)d Fi(\))21 b Fj(matches)12
  704. Xb(one)f(of)g(the)h(alternatives.)354 815 y(Non-alphanumerics)f(can)h(be)f
  705. X(escaped)h(from)f(their)g(special)h(meaning)e(using)h(a)g Fi(\\)p
  706. XFj(.)354 880 y Fi(\\w)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(alphanumeric,)h(including)e(\252)p
  707. XFi(_)p Fj(\272,)j Fi(\\W)f Fj(matches)f(non-alphanumeric.)354
  708. X945 y Fi(\\b)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(word)h(boundaries,)f Fi(\\B)h
  709. XFj(matches)f(non-boundaries.)354 1009 y Fi(\\s)64 b Fj(matches)11
  710. Xb(whitespace,)h Fi(\\S)g Fj(matches)f(non-whitespace.)354 1074
  711. Xy Fi(\\d)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(numeric,)h Fi(\\D)g Fj(matches)f(non-numeric.)
  712. X354 1139 y Fi(\\n)p Fj(,)i Fi(\\r)p Fj(,)g Fi(\\f)p Fj(,)f
  713. XFi(\\t)g Fj(etc.)22 b(have)11 b(their)h(usual)e(meaning.)354
  714. X1204 y Fi(\\w)p Fj(,)j Fi(\\s)f Fj(and)g Fi(\\d)21 b Fj(may)11
  715. Xb(be)h(used)f(within)f(character)j(classes,)e Fi(\\b)h Fj(denotes)f
  716. X(backspace)h(in)472 1260 y(this)f(context.)354 1325 y Fi(\\1)p
  717. XFc(:)d(:)g(:)f Fi(\\9)21 b Fj(refer)13 b(to)e(matched)g(sub-expressions,)f
  718. X(grouped)h(with)g Fi(\(\))p Fj(,)i(inside)d(the)h(match.)354
  719. X1390 y Fi(\\10)37 b Fj(and)12 b(up)f(can)h(also)f(be)g(used)g(if)h(the)f
  720. X(pattern)g(matches)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)354 1454
  721. Xy(See)i(also)e Fi($1)p Fc(:)d(:)g(:)e Fi($9)p Fj(,)13 b Fi($+)p
  722. XFj(,)f Fi($&)p Fj(,)h Fi($`)f Fj(and)f Fi($')i Fj(in)e(section)f(\252Special)
  723. Xj(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)355 1578 y Fl(24.)19 b(Special)h(variables)p
  724. X355 1599 V 354 1699 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(variables)h(are)h(global)f(and)
  725. Xg(should)f(be)i(localized)f(in)g(subroutines:)354 1764 y Fi($_)64
  726. Xb Fj(The)12 b(default)f(input)f(and)i(pattern-searching)f(space.)354
  727. X1829 y Fi($.)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(input)e(line)h(number)g(of)g(the)g
  728. X(last)g(\256lehandle)h(that)f(was)g(read.)354 1893 y Fi($/)64
  729. Xb Fj(The)12 b(input)e(record)i(separator)n(,)h(newline)e(by)g(default.)g(May)
  730. Xg(be)h(multi-character)m(.)354 1958 y Fi($,)64 b Fj(The)12
  731. Xb(output)e(\256eld)i(separator)f(for)h(the)f(print)g(operator)m(.)354
  732. X2023 y Fi($")64 b Fj(The)12 b(separator)g(which)f(joins)f(elements)h(of)g
  733. X(arrays)h(interpolated)f(in)g(strings.)354 2088 y Fi($\\)64
  734. Xb Fj(The)12 b(output)e(record)i(separator)g(for)f(the)h(print)e(operator)m(.)
  735. X354 2152 y Fi($#)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(format)h(for)h(printed)f(numbers.)
  736. Xg(Initial)f(value)h(is)g(\252)p Fi(\045.20g)p Fj(\272.)354
  737. X2217 y Fi($*)64 b Fj(Set)12 b(to)f(1)g(to)g(do)g(multiline)f(matching)g
  738. X(within)g(a)i(string,)f(0)g(to)g(assume)g(strings)f(contain)472
  739. X2274 y(a)i(single)f(line.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2338 y Fi($?)64
  740. Xb Fj(The)12 b(status)e(returned)i(by)f(the)g(last)g Fi(`)p
  741. XFf(COMMAND)p Fi(`)p Fj(,)h(pipe)f(close)g(or)g Fd(system)472
  742. X2395 y Fj(operator)m(.)354 2460 y Fi($])64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(version)g
  743. X(string)g(\(as)g(displayed)g(with)f Fi(perl)29 b(-v)p Fj(\),)13
  744. Xb(or)f(version)e(number)m(.)354 2524 y Fi($[)64 b Fj(The)12
  745. Xb(index)f(of)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f(in)g(an)g(array)m(,)i(and)e(of)h
  746. X(the)f(\256rst)g(character)i(in)e(a)472 2581 y(substring.)g(Default)g(is)g
  747. X(0.)354 2646 y Fi($;)64 b Fj(The)12 b(subscript)e(separator)i(for)g
  748. X(multi-dimensional)c(array)k(emulation.)f(Default)g(is)472
  749. X2702 y Fi("\\034")p Fj(.)354 2767 y Fi($!)64 b Fj(If)12 b(used)f(in)g(a)h
  750. X(numeric)f(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h(errno.)g(If)g
  751. X(used)f(in)g(a)472 2823 y(string)g(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(corresponding)g
  752. X(error)h(string.)354 2888 y Fi($@)64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(error)h(message)g
  753. X(from)f(the)g(last)g(eval)g(or)h Fd(do)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj(command.)p
  754. X354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(16)p eop
  755. X%%Page: 17 19
  756. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  757. X3 v 354 -12 a Fi($:)64 b Fj(The)12 b(set)f(of)g(characters)i(after)f(which)f
  758. X(a)h(string)e(may)h(be)h(broken)f(to)g(\256ll)g(continuation)472
  759. X45 y(\256elds)h(\(starting)e(with)h(\252)p Fi(\303)p Fj(\272\))i(in)e(a)g
  760. X(format.)354 110 y Fi($0)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(\256le)h
  761. X(containing)e(the)h(perl)g(script)g(being)g(executed.)h(May)f(be)472
  762. X166 y(assigned)g(to.)354 231 y Fi($$)64 b Fj(The)12 b(process)f(number)g(of)h
  763. X(the)f(perl)g(running)g(this)f(script.)h(Altered)h(\(in)f(the)g(child)472
  764. X287 y(process\))h(by)f Fd(fork)p Fj(.)354 352 y Fi($<)64 b
  765. XFj(The)12 b(real)g(uid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 417 y Fi($>)64
  766. Xb Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(uid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  767. X482 y Fi($\()64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(gid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354
  768. X546 y Fi($\))64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(gid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  769. X611 y Fi($\303D)37 b Fj(The)12 b(debug)f(\257ags)h(as)f(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
  770. X(using)e Fi(-D)i Fj(.)354 676 y Fi($\303F)37 b Fj(The)12 b(highest)e(system)g
  771. X(\256le)i(descriptor)n(,)g(ordinarily)e(2.)354 741 y Fi($\303I)37
  772. Xb Fj(In-place)12 b(edit)f(extension)g(as)g(passed)g(to)g(perl)h(using)e
  773. XFi(-i)i Fj(.)354 805 y Fi($\303L)37 b Fj(Formfeed)12 b(character)h(used)e(in)
  774. Xg(formats.)354 870 y Fi($\303P)37 b Fj(Internal)12 b(debugging)e(\257ag.)354
  775. X935 y Fi($\303T)37 b Fj(The)12 b(time)e(\(as)i(delivered)f(by)h
  776. XFd(time)p Fj(\))e(when)i(the)f(program)g(started.)h(This)e(value)i(is)472
  777. X991 y(used)g(by)f(the)g(\256le)h(test)e(operators)i(\252)p
  778. XFi(-M)p Fj(\272,)h(\252)p Fi(-A)p Fj(\272)g(and)e(\252)p Fi(-C)p
  779. XFj(\272.)354 1056 y Fi($\303W)37 b Fj(The)12 b(value)f(if)g(the)h
  780. XFi(-w)g Fj(option)e(as)i(passed)f(to)g(perl.)354 1121 y Fi($\303X)37
  781. Xb Fj(The)12 b(name)f(by)g(which)g(this)g(perl)g(was)h(invoked.)354
  782. X1186 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(context)f(dependent)g(and)g(need)h
  783. X(not)f(be)g(localized:)354 1250 y Fi($\045)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(page)f
  784. X(number)g(of)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(output)e(channel.)354
  785. X1315 y Fi($=)64 b Fj(The)12 b(page)f(length)g(of)h(the)f(current)g(output)g
  786. X(channel.)g(Default)h(is)f(60)g(lines.)354 1380 y Fi($-)64
  787. Xb Fj(The)12 b(number)f(of)g(lines)g(left)g(on)g(the)g(page.)354
  788. X1445 y Fi($\304)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(report)f
  789. X(format.)354 1509 y Fi($\303)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h
  790. X(top-of-page)f(format.)354 1574 y Fi($|)64 b Fj(If)12 b(set)f(to)g(nonzero,)h
  791. X(forces)g(a)g(\257ush)f(after)h(every)g(write)f(or)h(print)e(on)h(the)h
  792. X(currently)472 1631 y(selected)g(output)e(channel.)i(Default)f(is)g(0.)354
  793. X1695 y Fi($ARGV)23 b Fj(The)11 b(name)h(of)f(the)g(current)h(\256le)g(when)f
  794. X(reading)h(from)f Fi(<>)h Fj(.)354 1760 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h
  795. X(always)f(local)h(to)f(the)g(current)g(block:)354 1825 y Fi($&)64
  796. Xb Fj(The)12 b(string)e(matched)h(by)g(the)h(last)f(successful)g(pattern)g
  797. X(match.)354 1890 y Fi($`)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(preceding)i(what)f(was)g
  798. X(matched)g(by)h(the)f(last)g(successful)g(match.)354 1954 y
  799. XFi($')64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(following)g(what)h(was)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g
  800. X(last)g(successful)g(match.)354 2019 y Fi($+)64 b Fj(The)12
  801. Xb(last)f(bracket)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g(last)g(search)h(pattern.)354
  802. X2084 y Fi($)q(1)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi($9)p Fc(:)i(:)g(:)472 2140
  803. Xy Fj(Contains)j(the)g(subpattern)f(from)h(the)g(corresponding)g(set)g(of)g
  804. X(parentheses)g(in)g(the)g(last)472 2197 y(pattern)h(successfully)e(matched.)i
  805. XFi($10)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)f Fj(and)k(up)g(are)h(only)f(available)g(if)g(the)h
  806. X(match)472 2253 y(contained)f(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)355
  807. X2376 y Fl(25.)19 b(Special)h(arrays)p 355 2397 1512 2 v 354
  808. X2498 a Fi(@ARGV)42 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(command)e(line)h(ar)o(guments)g
  809. X(for)g(the)h(script)e(\(not)h(including)f(the)531 2554 y(command)h(name\).)
  810. X354 2619 y Fi(@INC)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(list)e(of)h(places)h(to)f
  811. X(look)f(for)i(perl)f(scripts)g(to)g(be)g(evaluated)h(by)f(the)531
  812. X2676 y Fd(do)i Ff(FILENAME)d Fj(and)h Fd(require)h Fj(commands.)354
  813. X2740 y Fi(@_)123 b Fj(Parameter)11 b(array)g(for)f(subroutines.)f(Also)g
  814. X(used)h(by)f Fd(split)g Fj(if)h(not)f(in)h(array)g(context.)354
  815. X2805 y Fi(\045ENV)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(current)f(environment.)354
  816. X2870 y Fi(\045INC)69 b Fj(List)11 b(of)g(\256les)h(that)f(have)g(been)h
  817. XFd(require)p Fj(d)g(or)g Fd(do)p Fj(ne.)354 2935 y Fi(\045SIG)69
  818. Xb Fj(Used)12 b(to)f(set)g(signal)f(handlers)h(for)h(various)f(signals.)p
  819. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(17)p eop
  820. X%%Page: 18 20
  821. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  822. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(26.)19 b(The)i(perl)f(debugger)p 355 19 1512
  823. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(symbolic)f(debugger)h(is)g(invoked)g(with)f
  824. XFi(perl)29 b(-d)p Fj(.)354 184 y Fi(h)269 b Fj(Prints)11 b(out)f(a)i(help)f
  825. X(message.)354 249 y Fi(T)269 b Fj(Stack)11 b(trace.)354 314
  826. Xy Fi(s)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps.)354 378 y Fi(n)269 b Fj(Single)11
  827. Xb(steps)f(around)i(subroutine)e(call.)354 443 y Fi(r)269 b
  828. XFj(Returns)11 b(from)g(the)g(current)h(subroutine.)354 508
  829. Xy Fi(c)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Continues)10 b(\(until)h
  830. XFf(LINE)p Fj(,)g(or)g(another)h(breakpoint)e(or)i(exit\).)p
  831. X354 530 112 2 v 354 585 2 56 v 368 573 a Ff(RET)p 464 585 V
  832. X354 587 112 2 v 199 w Fj(Repeats)g(last)e Fi(s)i Fj(or)g Fi(n)p
  833. XFj(.)354 637 y Fi(l)g Fj([)p Ff(RANGE)p Fj(])79 b(Lists)10
  834. Xb(a)i(range)f(of)h(lines.)f Ff(RANGE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(number)n(,)g
  835. X(start-end,)650 694 y(start+amount,)e(or)h(a)h(subroutine)e(name.)i(If)g
  836. X(omitted,)e(lists)g(next)h(window)m(.)354 759 y Fi(f)h Ff(FILE)169
  837. Xb Fj(Switches)11 b(to)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(and)g(start)g(listing)f(it.)354
  838. X823 y Fi(-)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(previous)h(window)m(.)354 888
  839. Xy Fi(w)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(window)g(around)i(current)f(line.)354
  840. X953 y Fi(l)h Ff(SUB)171 b Fj(Lists)10 b(the)h(named)g Ff(SUB)p
  841. XFj(routine.)354 1018 y Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)54 b
  842. XFj(Forward)12 b(search)g(for)f Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354
  843. X1082 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)54 b Fj(Backward)12 b(search)g(for)g
  844. XFf(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1147 y Fi(L)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(lines)h(that)f
  845. X(have)i(breakpoints)f(or)g(actions.)354 1212 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(List)10
  846. Xb(the)h(names)g(of)h(all)f(subroutines.)354 1277 y Fi(t)269
  847. Xb Fj(T)m(oggles)10 b(trace)i(mode.)354 1342 y Fi(b)g Fj([)p
  848. XFf(LINE)f Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(]])650 1398 y(Sets)g(breakpoint)g(at)g
  849. XFf(LINE)p Fj(,)g(default:)g(current)h(line.)354 1463 y Fi(b)g
  850. XFf(SUBNAME)e Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(])650 1519 y(Sets)h(breakpoint)g(at)g
  851. X(the)g(subroutine.)354 1584 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(names)h(of)g(all)g
  852. X(subroutines.)354 1649 y Fi(d)h Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Deletes)11
  853. Xb(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g(given)g(line.)354 1713 y Fi(D)269
  854. Xb Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(breakpoints.)354 1778 y Fi(a)h Ff(LINE)f(COMMAND)650
  855. X1835 y Fj(Sets)g(an)h(action)f(for)g(line.)354 1899 y Fi(A)269
  856. Xb Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(line)g(actions.)354 1964 y Fi(<)h Ff(COMMAND)37
  857. Xb Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g(debugger)f
  858. X(prompt.)354 2029 y Fi(>)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g
  859. X(be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g Fi(s)p Fj(,)g Fi(c)g Fj(or)f
  860. XFi(n)h Fj(command.)354 2094 y Fi(V)g Fj([)p Ff(P)m(ACKAGE)e
  861. XFj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])h(])650 2150 y(Lists)f(all)h(variables)g(in)g(a)h
  862. X(package.)g(Default)g(package)g(is)e(main.)354 2215 y Fi(X)i
  863. XFj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])116 b(Like)11 b Fi(V)p Fj(,)h(but)f(assumes)f
  864. X(current)i(package.)354 2280 y Fi(!)g Fj([)g([-])p Ff(NUMBER)p
  865. XFj(])650 2336 y(Redo)f(a)h(debugging)e(command.)h(Default)h(is)e(previous)h
  866. X(command.)354 2401 y Fi(H)h Fj([-)p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])31 b(Displays)10
  867. Xb(the)h(last)g(-)p Ff(NUMBER)f Fj(commands)h(of)g(more)g(than)g(one)h(letter)
  868. Xm(.)354 2466 y Fi(q)269 b Fj(Quits.)10 b(Y)-5 b(ou)12 b(may)f(also)g(use)g
  869. X(your)p 1199 2423 114 2 v 1199 2479 2 57 v 25 w Ff(EOF)p 1311
  870. X2479 V 1199 2481 114 2 v 26 w Fj(character)m(.)354 2530 y Ff(COMMAND)76
  871. Xb Fj(Executes)11 b Ff(COMMAND)f Fj(as)i(a)f(perl)h(statement.)354
  872. X2595 y Fi(p)g Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)122 b Fj(Prints)11 b Ff(EXPR)p
  873. XFj(.)354 2660 y Fi(=)h Fj([)p Ff(ALIAS)f(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(])650
  874. X2716 y(Sets)g(alias,)h(or)f(lists)f(current)i(aliases.)p 354
  875. X3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(18)p eop
  876. X%%Page: 19 21
  877. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  878. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(27.)19 b(Environment)i(variables)p 355 19 1512
  879. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(Perl)12 b(uses)f(the)h(following)e(environment)g(variables.)
  880. X354 184 y Fi(HOME)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(if)f Fd(chdir)h Fj(has)f(no)g(ar)o
  881. X(gument.)354 249 y Fi(LOGDIR)531 305 y Fj(Used)h(if)f Fd(chdir)h
  882. XFj(has)f(no)g(ar)o(gument)g(and)h Fi(HOME)h Fj(is)e(not)f(set.)354
  883. X370 y Fi(PATH)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(in)f(executing)g(subprocesses,)g(and)g(in)g
  884. X(\256nding)g(the)g(perl)h(script)e(if)i Fi(-S)g Fj(is)531 427
  885. Xy(used.)354 491 y Fi(PERLLIB)531 548 y Fj(A)g(colon-separated)f(list)g(of)g
  886. X(directories)g(to)g(look)g(for)g(perl)h(library)f(\256les)h(before)531
  887. X604 y(looking)e(in)h(the)h(standard)f(library)g(and)g(the)g(current)h
  888. X(directory)m(.)354 669 y Fi(PERLDB)531 725 y Fj(The)g(command)e(to)h(get)h
  889. X(the)f(debugger)g(code.)h(Defaults)f(to)531 782 y Fi(require)31
  890. Xb('perldb.pl)q(')s Fj(.)354 967 y Fl(Notes)p 354 988 V 354
  891. X2938 a Fj(Perl)12 b(Reference)i(Guide)d(Revision)g(4.035.1)1345
  892. X2937 y(c)1333 2938 y Fe(\015)p Fj(1989,1992)g(Johan)f(V)m(romans)p
  893. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(19)p eop
  894. X%%Trailer
  895. Xend
  896. Xuserdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
  897. X%%EOF
  898. END_OF_FILE
  899.   if test 43530 -ne `wc -c <'refbase.ps.B'`; then
  900.     echo shar: \"'refbase.ps.B'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  901.   elif test -f 'refbase.ps.A'; then
  902.     echo shar: Recreating \"'refbase.ps'\" \(85970 characters\)
  903.     cat 'refbase.ps.A' 'refbase.ps.B' > 'refbase.ps'
  904.     if test 85970 -ne `wc -c <'refbase.ps'`; then
  905.       echo shar: \"'refbase.ps'\" combined with wrong size!
  906.     else
  907.       rm refbase.ps.A refbase.ps.B
  908.     fi
  909.   fi
  910.   # end of 'refbase.ps.B'
  911. fi
  912. echo shar: End of archive 1 \(of 4\).
  913. cp /dev/null ark1isdone
  914. MISSING=""
  915. for I in 1 2 3 4 ; do
  916.     if test ! -f ark${I}isdone ; then
  917.     MISSING="${MISSING} ${I}"
  918.     fi
  919. done
  920. if test "${MISSING}" = "" ; then
  921.     echo You have unpacked all 4 archives.
  922.     rm -f ark[1-9]isdone
  923. else
  924.     echo You still must unpack the following archives:
  925.     echo "        " ${MISSING}
  926. fi
  927. exit 0
  928. exit 0 # Just in case...
  929.