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- From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov
- Newsgroups: sci.space.shuttle
- Subject: Re: SSF
- Keywords: space station Freedom
- Message-ID: <1992Aug20.000610.2462@aio.jsc.nasa.gov>
- Date: 20 Aug 92 00:06:10 GMT
- References: <1872.2A928EDB@catpe.alt.za>
- Sender: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov
- Organization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office
- Lines: 111
- Originator: kjenks@gothamcity
-
- In article <1872.2A928EDB@catpe.alt.za> Grant.Smith@f5.n7103.z5.fidonet.org (Grant Smith) asks some reasonable questions:
- >I have [heard] a lot about space station Freedom, but still don't know
- >quite a few things.....
- >.
- >1) What will it look like (circular, conical etc.)
- >.
- >2) Above where will it orbit? Will it's orbit be fixed?
- >.
- >3) Will it be put into a spin for gravity purposes?
-
-
- Before I begin, I'll warn you: I'm a Shuttle guy, not a Freedom guy.
- I'll give you the best beginner-level answers I can, but there are some
- real SSF folks on the Net who may be able to shed more light.
-
- >1) What will it look like (circular, conical etc.)
-
- The current plan, under review yet again, is to have pressurized
- modules hanging in the middle of a 90-meter long truss. The four
- white, cylindrical modules are to be about 10 meters long, and five
- meters in outside diameter. Toward each end of the truss are to be
- solar panels for electrical power generation. Between the modules and
- the solar panels are to be some thermal radiators to rid the spacecraft
- of excess heat. (One recent re-design concept calls for half-length
- modules. They're less efficient, by almost all measures, but they're
- cheaper up-front.)
-
- The four modules are to be connected end-to-end to form a "race track,"
- with "nodes" in between the modules. Atop one of the nodes is a
- "cupola" to allow external observation and visual navigation to assist
- rendezvous operations. (The modules have no windows, so the cupola is
- the only place to look out through glass. There will be several
- externally-mounted TV cameras.) Space Shuttles (and maybe other
- spacecraft) will be able to dock with one of the nodes. (There's a
- big fracas in the SSFP about docking vs. berthing. Don't ask.)
-
- Those are the major features. Now, for my next trick, I'll try an
- ASCII picture:
-
- SSSS SSSS SSSS
- SSSS T T SSSS SSSS
- SSSS T T SSSS SSSS
- tSSSStttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttSSSStttSSSSt
- tSSSStttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttSSSStttSSSSt
- SSSS T nMMMMMMMn T SSSS SSSS
- SSSS T cMMMMMMM T SSSS SSSS
- SSSS SSSS SSSS
-
- Legend: t = truss, S = solar panel, T = thermal radiator,
- n = node, M = module, c = Cupola
-
- I've "drawn" the solar panels facing perpendicular to your line of
- sight, and the thermal radiators parallel to your line of sight, but
- they will gimbal to maintain this geometry with respect to the Sun, so
- the panels get as much incident solar radiation as possible, and the
- radiators get as little as possible. Think about it.
-
-
- >2) Above where will it orbit? Will it's [sic] orbit be fixed?
-
- SSF will be in a circular orbit, about 250 nautical miles up, at a 28.5
- degree inclination to the equator. (I'm unsure about the exact
- altitude, but that's close.)
-
- The spacecraft will be in one of the less stable "gravity gradient"
- positions, with one end of the long structure always pointed in the
- direction of travel, and the modules always pointed at the Earth
- below. I'll try another ASCII sketch. Think of this as a sequence
- of pictures, with "0" being the Earth:
-
- _
- / \
- | 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0
- / _ \
-
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-
-
- Picture a stick (SSF) running clock-wise around a ball (Earth). This
- is certainly not to scale. Earth's diameter is around 7,900 miles. A
- 250 nm orbit is just skimming the surface, barely outside most of
- the atmosphere.
-
- (For the orbital mechanics on the Net, this is an incredible
- simplification, and even blatantly wrong, because the orbit is
- counter-clockwise if Earth is viewed down the North Pole axis.
- For everybody else, it's probably just gibberish.)
-
- Just as with the Space Shuttle and every other large spacecraft, you'll
- be able to see it from Earth as a bright, moving spot at sunset and
- sunrise if the light is right.
-
-
- >3) Will it be put into a spin for gravity purposes?
-
- No. The structure isn't strong enough to do this. Strong structures
- tend to be heavy, and minimizing launch mass is one consideration. If
- we wanted spin "gravity," we'd put at least one module at the end of
- the truss, instead of clustered in the middle. Or, more likely, we'd
- use a tether that we could reel in and out for variable gravity.
-
- Spinning spacecraft make for a treacherous rendezvous.
-
- I'll try to get some introductory SSF briefing material scanned in and
- posted to ames.arc.nasa.gov. No promises.
-
- -- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office
- kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov (713) 483-4368
-
- "The earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind will not stay in
- the cradle forever." -- Konstantin Tsiolkvosky
-