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- Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Parsecs?
- Message-ID: <1992Aug13.122450.14694@husc3.harvard.edu>
- From: mcirvin@husc8.harvard.edu (Mcirvin)
- Date: 13 Aug 92 12:24:48 EDT
- References: <l8k4fdINNd6m@alcor.usc.edu> <1992Aug13.090057.13805@cco.caltech.edu> <1992Aug13.144737.1884@trentu.ca>
- Organization: Harvard University Science Center
- Summary: No, it's NOT a coincidence
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc8.harvard.edu
- Lines: 44
-
- In article <1992Aug13.144737.1884@trentu.ca> pyacm@trentu.ca (A Colin Morton) writes:
- >As other posts have stated, one parsec is equal to ~3.2616 light years.
- >As we, on Earth, are only ~8 light minutes from the Sun, I don't think
- >the Earth-Sun distance defines a parsec.
- >
- It's not the Earth-Sun distance, it's the distance from which the
- Earth-Sun distance subtends an angle of one second of arc. That's
- *not* a coincidence; it follows from the definition.
-
- The definition comes from the use of parallax to measure the distances
- of nearby stars. You can observe parallax easily by holding your
- thumb in front of your face and looking at it with one eye: if you
- look at it with your left eye, then your right, the thumb appears
- to be in different places with respect to more distant objects. The
- effect is larger if the thumb is closer, and smaller if it is
- further away.
-
- In much the same way, nearby stars appear to move very slightly with
- respect to more distant ones as the Earth moves. The Earth moves
- in several ways, but a component that can be isolated easily is
- its motion around the Sun. This causes the images of nearby stars
- to describe small yearly ellipses in the sky. The semimajor axis of the
- ellipse, measured in seconds of arc (one second of arc is 1/3600 of
- a degree), is the parallax of the star.
-
- The word "parsec" stands for "parallax of one second." A star one
- parsec away would have a parallax of one second of arc. Real stars
- are all further away, so they have smaller parallaxes. Since
- with angles this small, sin theta = tan theta = theta (radians) to very
- high precision, we can say that the distance in parsecs is the
- reciprocal of the parallax in seconds of arc.
-
- The apparent elliptical motion of a star against a very distant
- background, as seen from the orbiting Earth, is identical in
- apparent angular size on the sky to the motion of the Earth
- around the Sun as seen from the star. Therefore it is no coincidence
- that the distance from the Earth to the Sun subtends an angle of
- one second of arc when seen from a distance of one parsec. It is
- an immediate consequence of the definition of a parsec.
-
- If I've gotten anything wrong, please correct me...
-
- --
- Matt McIrvin, professional gradgrind, amateur Usenet drifter
-