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- From: xie@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Yan-bo Xie)
- Subject: Supplement to the ice melting rate problem
- Message-ID: <1992Aug20.233201.13968@Princeton.EDU>
- Originator: news@nimaster
- Sender: news@Princeton.EDU (USENET News System)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: phoenix.princeton.edu
- Organization: Princeton University
- Distribution: usa
- Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 23:32:01 GMT
- Lines: 76
-
- In a previous posting, the mechanism of the melting rate
- problem is given for the ice in a room. Note that it is
- assumed that, however, the contact with other objects is not
- important which may be not true for general situation.
-
- For example, if the air is on the ground, the heat exchange
- between the ground and ice should be important. Again, the
- melting rate is sensitive to the condition, depends on the
- shape of the ground and materials of the ground. But admitly
- this dependence is much weaker than the air mechanism. And
- also the melting rate is much larger (unless a very strange
- particular shape of the ground or certain arrangement between
- the ice and ground).
-
- In this situation, the calculation can be made more specifically.
-
- There are several important quantities:
-
- The specific heat of the ground, the thermoconductivity of the
- ground, the contact area, the latent heat of ice and its volume
- and the temperature of the ground far away from the ice (assume
- say 60F). Note that the contact area should contain the
- information about how fast the heat is transfered if there is
- temperature difference between the ice and the surface of the ground.
-
- If the contact is very good, then the surface of the ground can
- be assumed to have temperature 0C.
-
- There is one important length scale (of the ground) in the problem.
- If all the heat (needed) to melt the ice is Q, how much volume
- of the ground material is needed to lower its temperature from 60F to 0C.
- The answer would be V=Q/(60-32)/c. c is the specific heat per volume.
- a=V**(1/3) would be the length scale in this problem.
-
- It is important to point out that only the thermoconductivity is related
- to time. If the quantities listed above are the relevant ones,
- then the melting rate is directly proportional to the thermoconductivity.
-
- The exact melting rate even in this simple model still requires
- a solution of the thermo-transport equation( because the temperature
- is a function of position also) and the boundary condition. However,
- an estimation can be made without much calculation.
-
- Suppose the initial ice is cubic with volume Vi. Then we have two
- possibility:
-
- A: Vi>V, take the length to be l=V/(Vi)**(2/3)
- B: Vi<V, take the length to be l=V**(1/3)
-
- In case A, one can assume on the ground T=0C, below the ground l, T=60F
- (after some melting say half of the ice has been melted). The heat
- flow would be
-
- K*(60-32)*(Vi)**(2/3)/l
-
- K is the thermoconductivity means: the heat flow rate (per second)
- per unit area when the temperature gradient is per degree in one
- unit length scale. So in the above formula, (60-32)/l represents
- the temperture gradient, (Vi)**(2/3) represents the surface
- contact area. This number divided by the latent heat (per volume)
- gives the rough melting rate (volume loss/per second).
-
- In case B the above formula is still roughly valid with the
- substitution of l. The reason, in case B, V is very large,
- and the temperature gradient becomes spheric. A geometric factor
- may be mutiplied (between 0.3 and 3), but this estimation
- is already very crude.
-
-
- Another limit case is that the contact between the ice and the ground
- is not good. In this case, one may assume the surface of the ground
- having the temperature 60F. But the melting rate would be directly
- related to the contact condition which could be varied greatly.
-
- If the contact is extremely inefficient, then the contact between
- the air and ice becomes important.
-