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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!ames!pacbell.com!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Add to FUTURE PHYSICS I
- Message-ID: <BswyqJ.Ax3@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 08:39:55 GMT
- Lines: 90
-
-
- Mathematical Appendix
-
- Elementary derivation of Equation (6) for superluminal signal.
-
- The actions of the phase plate, the mirror and the beam recombiner on
- the transmitter photon kets is the linear transformation
-
- |E> -> e^i(phi+m)2^-1/2|I> + e^i(phi+m+b)2^-1/2 |II> (7a)
-
- |O> -> e^ib 2^-1/2|I> + 2^-1/2 |II> (7b)
-
- where |I> and |II> are the orthonormal inputs into the two transmitter
- counters I and II. This transformation of the states of the single
- transmitter photon is not unitary but it is physically what happens. It
- does not have to be unitary because it is only a description of a part
- of the whole. Who can deny that a phase plate makes a phase shift, that
- a mirror has a reflection phase plate and that a half-wave plate
- properly positioned rotates the incident plane of polarization by 90
- degrees? What is the alternative to equations (7a&b) for this apparatus
- if not equations (7a&b))? Equations (7a&b) is the what makes the device
- work! I call this the spin disentanglement transformation. It changes
- the spin part of the pure initial entangled pair state into an impure
- disentangled pair state in spin space. There remains, however, a kind of
- memory of the initial entanglement in position space. I mean that before
- we trace over the measurements on the transmitter side, we still have an
- entangled state when we include the position degrees of freedom. The
- disentanglement is strictly in spin space beyond space-time which is
- where this new kind of communication happens.
-
- Thus, the initial pair state |a,b> of equation (1) becomes
-
- |a,b> = [|e>|E> + |o>|O>]cosx 2^-1/2 + [|e>|O> - |o>|E>]sinx 2^-1/2
-
- -> |a,b>' = [|e> {e^i(phi+m)2^-1/2|I> + e^i(phi+m+b)2^-1/2 |II>} +
-
- |o>{e^ib 2^-1/2|I> + 2^-1/2 |II>}]cosx 2^-1/2 +
-
- [|e>{e^ib 2^-1/2|I> + 2^-1/2 |II>}
-
- - |o>{e^i(phi+m)2^-1/2|I> + e^i(phi+m+b)2^-1/2 |II>}]sinx 2^-1/2
-
- = |e>|I>[e^i(phi+m)cosx + e^ib sinx]/2 + |e>|II>[e^i(phi+m+b)cosx + 1]/2
-
- + |o>|I>[e^ib cosx - e^i(phi+m)sinx]/2 + |o>|II>[cosx - e^i(phi+m+b)]/2
-
- (8)
-
- Therefore, at the receiver
-
- p(e) = |[e^i(phi+m)cosx + e^ib sinx]/2|^2 + |[e^i(phi+m+b)cosx + 1]/2|^2
-
- = [1 + sin2x cos(phi+m)cosb]/2 (9a)
-
- p(o) = |[e^ib cosx - e^i(phi+m)sinx]/2|^2 + |[cosx - e^i(phi+m+b)]/2|^2
-
- = [1 - sin2x cos(phi+m)cosb]/2 (9b)
-
- So that the locally observable probabilities to measure the receiver
- photon polarization eigenvalues is conserved and we get the connection
- communication equation
-
- p(e) - p(o) = sin2x cos(phi+m)cosb (6)
-
- This is the complete solution so we can see what happens at the
- transmitter
-
- p(I)=|[e^i(phi+m)cosx+e^ib sinx]/2|^2 +|[e^ib cosx-e^i(phi+m)sinx]/2|^2
-
- = 1/2
-
- Similarly p(II) = 1/2 so that probability is conserved on the
- transmitter side and there is no trace of the coherent phase parameters
- phi,m and b as we would expect for ordinary light on the same apparatus!
- The coherent phase parameters have teleported to the other receiver
- side.
-
- It only remains to check that the total transformation |a,b> -> |a.b>'
- in equation (8) in pair space is unitary. I leave that as a homework
- problem!
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