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- From: thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu (T. Scott Thompson)
- Newsgroups: sci.math.stat
- Subject: Degrees of Freedom Was: Re: Standard Deviation.
- Message-ID: <thompson.714338397@kiyotaki.econ.umn.edu>
- Date: 20 Aug 92 19:19:57 GMT
- References: <1992Aug14.172833.11844@cbfsb.cb.att.com> <c48nbgtf@csv.warwick.ac.uk> <WVENABLE.92Aug18180002@algona.stats.adelaide.edu.au> <1992Aug18.214711.6657@mailhost.ocs.mq.edu.au> <l95552INNa4h@roundup.crhc.uiuc.edu>
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- Organization: Economics Dept., University of Minnesota
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-
- hougen@uirvlh.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen) writes:
-
- >Before people get too confused, just let me add my two cents worth.
- >The number of "degrees of freedom" in a problem represents the amount
- >of information in the data and is generally equal to the number of
- >samples. Intuitively, as statistics are computed using the data, the
- >independent information in the data is gradually "used up" and the
- >number of degrees of freedom is reduced. The information is not
- >actually lost, but the statistics that have been computed contain some
- >of the information so that the amount of independent information left
- >in the data is reduced.
-
- >[example of sample mean deleted]
-
- I have never been very satisfied with this notion of "degrees of
- freedom" being equivalent to "pieces of independent information". The
- correspondence works well enough for linear models and independent
- observations, as in the example given, but there are alternative
- interpretations (in terms of the dimension of orthogonal subspaces)
- that do just as well in this setting.
-
- To put out a concrete example that illustrates the nature of my
- qualms, consider the following. Suppose my data consist of a single
- number, say X. Suppose that I am given two pieces of information
- about X (but not X itself):
-
- (1) I can observe Y := X**2
- (2) I can observe Z := { 1 if X > 0
- { -1 otherwise
-
- How many "pieces of information" do I now have? Clearly I can recover
- X from Y and Z by the formula X = Z * <positive square root of Y>, but
- neither Y nor Z alone suffices (excluding the special case where
- X = Y = 0). Thus Y and Z must each "use up" (at least) one degree of
- freedom in the usual accounting. Thus I must conclude that
-
- <degrees of freedom in X> .GE. 1 + 1 = 2.
-
- For obvious reasons I do not find this to be an acceptable answer!
- What do you think? What am I missing? Is there any meaningful
- interpretation to "degrees of freedom" in a general theory of
- inference?
-
-
- T. Scott Thompson thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu
- Department of Economics
- University of Minnesota
-