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- Xref: sparky sci.math:10509 sci.physics:13316
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- From: wsadjw@rw7.urc.tue.nl (Jan Willem Nienhuys)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: tensors: How about 3rd, 4th rank?
- Message-ID: <5143@tuegate.tue.nl>
- Date: 22 Aug 92 14:02:47 GMT
- References: <5134@tuegate.tue.nl> <3djygrk@rpi.edu> <mcirvin.714433381@husc8>
- Sender: root@tuegate.tue.nl
- Reply-To: wsadjw@urc.tue.nl
- Followup-To: sci.math
- Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Lines: 41
-
- In article <mcirvin.714433381@husc8> mcirvin@husc8.harvard.edu (Mcirvin) writes:
- >pierct@rpi.edu (Tom Pierce) writes:
- >
- >The Riemann curvature tensor is fourth-order. It has 4x4x4x4
- >components in GR, though most of them are related by symmetries so
- >it has many fewer independent components. This describes the
- >curvature of four-dimensional spacetime in general relativity.
- >
-
- The curvature tensor can be described without too much transformation
- laws and indices.
- Take any two tangent vectors a,b, in a point p. They span a plane. Take
- a third tangent vector c. Now carry this third vector around on the
- manifold, but stay in the plane spanned by a and b (let's say in the
- submanifold consisting of geodesics emanating p from whose initial
- direction is a linear combination of a and b. After carrying around,
- c will have changed a little Dc. Of course Dc will be very small
- if the path along which you have carried c is a very small circle or
- other closed loop. But if you carry c around a geodesic parallellogram
- with tangent vectors a and b at p, then Dc is in first approximation
- a multilinear function of a, b and c. Or you could say, you have a
- map c -> Dc that is a bilinear function of a and b. This "trilinear
- vector valued function" is what is usually called the curvature
- tensor.
-
- For example on a sphere of radius R, a parallell transport of a
- tangent vector around a closed loop results in a rotation through
- an angle equal to the area enclosed by the loop (divided by R^2).
- So in the above, Dc is always just the determinant of a and b divided
- by R^2, times a c rotated through pi/2. The larger R is, the closer
- this is, the closer this is to the zero map.
-
- If you try to compute the curvature tensor in concrete cases, then
- you have to work with parametrizations of your manifold, and if you
- want to compare different parametrizations, you get to deal with those
- transformation laws. Just like when you do computations with vectors,
- you represent them as rows or columns of numbers with respect to
- a certain basis. But for understanding what's going on, you don't
- really need these gory details.
-
- JWN
-