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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!das-news!kosowsky
- From: kosowsky@schottky.harvard.edu (Jeffrey J. Kosowsky)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: Help - non-integral power of a matrix?
- Message-ID: <KOSOWSKY.92Aug14122403@schottky.harvard.edu>
- Date: 14 Aug 92 17:24:03 GMT
- Article-I.D.: schottky.KOSOWSKY.92Aug14122403
- References: <Aug.10.15.45.34.1992.26563@clam.rutgers.edu> <carle.713599691@vex>
- <a_rubin.713653963@dn66> <1992Aug12.231708.3644@galois.mit.edu>
- Sender: usenet@das.harvard.edu (Network News)
- Organization: Harvard Robotics Lab, Harvard University
- Lines: 54
- In-Reply-To: jbaez@nevanlinna.mit.edu's message of Wed, 12 Aug 92 23:17:08 GMT
-
- In article <1992Aug12.231708.3644@galois.mit.edu> jbaez@nevanlinna.mit.edu (John C. Baez) writes:
-
- In article <a_rubin.713653963@dn66> a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (Arthur Rubin) writes:
- >In <carle.713599691@vex> carle@vex.ugcs.caltech.edu (Matthew Thomas Carle) writes:
- >
- >>gonzalez@clam.rutgers.edu (Ralph Gonzalez) writes:
- >
- >
- >>>Hi. Does anyone know of an algorithm to find a non-integral
- >>>power of a matrix, e.g. A^.5 or A^1.3? Thus, A^2 is the same
- >>>as AxA and A^0 is the identity.
- >
- >>>I imagine if such a thing is defined, then there are conditions
- >>>on A...
-
- >log "obviously" converges if all eigenvalues of A are strictly within 1 of 1,
-
- To clarify, perhaps, let me add that this is not only "obvious", it's
- true, at least if A is diagonalizable. If A is a
- not-necessarily-diagonalizable matrix log A is defined if ||A - 1|| < 1;
- > I don't think the eigenvalue condition above is sufficient.
-
-
- Aside:
-
- The theory of taking analytic functions of a matrix (or more generally
- any bounded linear operator, T, on a Banach space, X) is called the
- Riesz (or functional) analytic calculus. Given a holomorphice
- (ie: analytic) funtion, f, defined on an open neighborhood of the
- spectrum, \sigma(T) of a bounded linear operator, T, we can define
- f(T) by an extension of the Cauchy integral formula. If the Taylor
- expansion of the function about some point contains the spectrum in
- its region of convergence, then f(T) can equivalently be written as
- the sum of the Taylor series terms where powers of T replace the
- independent variable in the Taylor series. Much more could of course
- be said about the properties of the functional analytic calculus.
- On normal elements of C* algebras (eg: L(H) is a C* algebra where H
- is a Hilbert space), there is a more general extension called the
- Borel functional calculus. Suppose T is a normal element of a C*
- algebra, A, and f is a continuous function on the spectrum of T, then
- we can define f(T) via the inverse of the Gelfand transform.
-
- end of aside:
-
- In any case, the original poster was presumably talking about finite
- dimensional matrices so that the spectrum \sigma(T) is equal to the
- set of eigenvalues. Since the region of convergence of the logarithm
- about 1 is 1, Arthur Rubin's characterization is obviously correct.
- Assuming that John Baez is using the standard (2-norm) on linear
- operators, then his criterion is equivalent since ||A -1|| equals the
- largest magnitude eigenvalue of (A-1), so ||A-1|| < 1 iff all
- eigenvalues lie within the unit circle around 1.
-
- Jeff Kosowsky
-