home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Xref: sparky sci.geo.meteorology:2818 sci.physics:13240
- Path: sparky!uunet!cis.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!malgudi.oar.net!caen!uakari.primate.wisc.edu!news.larc.nasa.gov!lll-winken!s119.es.llnl.gov!shaw
- From: shaw@s119.es.llnl.gov (Henry Shaw 510 423-4645)
- Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: pressure at the center of the earth?
- Keywords: pressure, earth core, blackhole, truth or consequences
- Message-ID: <134082@lll-winken.LLNL.GOV>
- Date: 21 Aug 92 17:10:40 GMT
- References: <sv#ns=b@quantum.on.ca> <25627@dog.ee.lbl.gov>
- Sender: usenet@lll-winken.LLNL.GOV
- Followup-To: sci.geo.meteorology
- Distribution: na
- Organization: Earth_Sciences_Dept.,_LLNL
- Lines: 62
- Nntp-Posting-Host: s119.es.llnl.gov
-
- In article <25627@dog.ee.lbl.gov>, sichase@csa3.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE) writes:
- |> In article <sv#ns=b@quantum.on.ca>, ajedgar@quantum.on.ca (Andrew Edgar) writes...
- |> >To settle a difference of opinion <grin> I would be most grateful
- |> >for an answer and explanation for this question:
- |> >
- |> > "What is the pressure at or near the center of the earth,
- |> > is it very large or very small?"
- |>
- |> The center of the Earth undoubtedly contains a cherry - just like those
- |> liquor filled chocolates.
- |>
- |> Back to physics... The center of the Earth is under tremendous pressure.
- |> How could it be any other way? The liquid core is under so much pressure
- |> that geologists believe (though I don't think that the experimental evidence
- |> is entirely conclusive) that there is a solid center to the core - tremendously
- |> hot metal which is solidified under the pressure.
-
- The experimental evidence is pretty much entirely conclusive. The evidence that the inner
- core is solid while the outer core is liquid is the fact that the inner core transmits acoustic
- shear waves (from earthquakes), while the outer core does not. The ability to transmit shear
- waves requires a non-zero rigidity, which solids have but liquids do not.
-
- You may now be thinking, "if the outer core does not transmit shear waves, then how do they ever
- get past the outer liquid core to the inner core so that we can see that the inner core *does*
- transmit them?" The answer lies in the fact that compressional waves (which can propagate through
- the liquid outer core) reflect off the inner/outer core boundary. In doing so, some of the energy
- is converted to a shear wave in the inner core. This wave propagates through the inner core until
- it reaches the boundary again, where it can generate another compressional wave that continues to
- propagate through the outer core. We see the results of this compression-shear-compression
- conversion process in the seismic records of large earthquakes.
-
- |>
- |> No planet-sized self-gravitating object could easily be constructed so
- |> that the center was a low-pressure region. The object would have to have
- |> some kind of supporting structure outside the central region that could
- |> withstand the huge pressure from above without transmitting through to the
- |> core. Maybe a cold solid diamond sphere with a central hollow...
- |>
-
- The density structure of the earth is constrained by both acoustic wave travel times (the sound
- velocity structure) as well as free oscillations of the earth (i.e., the vibrational normal modes
- that are excited by really really big earthquakes).
-
- The density at the center of the earth is approximately 13 g/cc, while the pressure (which you get
- by integrating -g(z) rho(z) dz, where g(z) is the acceleration due to gravity at a radius z, and
- rho(z) is the density at z) is approximately 3.63 x 10^6 bars. = 3.63 x 10^11 Pa.
-
- While we're on the subject of the interior of the earth, a little known fact among even most
- scientists is that the gravitational acceleration does *not* fall off monotonically with
- decreasing radius within the earth. This is because the earth has a highly non-uniform internal
- density. The acceleration actually rises to a maximum of ~10.01 m/s^2 as you go down from
- the surface to a depth of about 250km (the upper/lower mantle bouindary). It then decreases to
- about 9.93 m/s^2 at about 850km. The it starts rising again as you approach the core/mantle
- boundary (the core is *much* denser than the mantle). It maxes out at a value of ~10.7 m/s^2
- at the core/mantle boundary, then decreases monotonically to zero at the center of the earth.
-
-
- --
- Henry Shaw, Earth Sciences Dept., LLNL | All opinions are my own.
- Internet: shaw4@llnl.gov |
- CIS: 76347,2523 |
- Fidonet: Henry Shaw at 1:161/55 |
-