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- Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
- Path: sparky!uunet!gumby!destroyer!ncar!kiowa.scd.ucar.edu!ilana
- From: ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu (Ilana Stern)
- Subject: Re: Rainclouds
- Message-ID: <1992Aug13.153455.11315@ncar.ucar.edu>
- Sender: news@ncar.ucar.edu (USENET Maintenance)
- Organization: NCAR/UCAR
- References: <l8ikt1INNjhi@pollux.usc.edu> <10306@sun13.scri.fsu.edu> <1992Aug13.023259.1722@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>
- Distribution: na
- Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 15:34:55 GMT
- Lines: 34
-
- In article <1992Aug13.023259.1722@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>, kbarr@nyx.cs.du.edu (Keith Barr) writes:
-
- > Here at the National Center for Atmospheric Research it is generally
- > believed that a storm won't electrify unless it penetrates the freezing level.
- > In fact we have a fair amount of proof that if there is no graupel, snow, or
- > hail, it is impossible for a cloud to electrify, and therefore this is no
- > chance for lightning and thunder.
-
- This is the accepted theory. When I was in grad school I heard a talk
- by Bernard Vonnegut on this subject (he's done a lot of pioneering research
- into cloud electrification, and incidentally suggested the concept of
- ice-9 to his brother Kurt, and if you've read the book you know what I'm
- talking about :-) who spent a lot of time explaining the difficulties of
- obtaining measurements that would prove these things. I'd be interested
- in hearing about the experiments that provided this "fair amount of
- proof." (I'm not skeptical, just interested and curious.)
-
- To clarify a little, for the original questioner: yes, the stuff up
- in the thunderstorming cloud is frozen. You don't necessarily get
- hail on the ground, though, because the hydrometeors (love that word --
- I mean the hail, or graupel, or whatever) may melt before hitting the
- ground.
-
- Interestingly, there are different mechanisms for producing rain in
- freezing and nonfreezing clouds. These mechanisms (accretion vs
- coalescence) result in different drop size distributions. So you don't
- need a freezing cloud to create rain, just for electrification.
-
- (Reference: A Short Course in Cloud Physics, R. R. Rogers)
-
- --
- /\ Ilana Stern DoD#009 | Whoever first said, "Things are seldom as they
- \_][ ilana@ncar.ucar.edu | seem," was wrong. Things are usually as they
- \_______________________| seem. Otherwise, they wouldn't seem that way.
-