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- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!torn!cunews!csi.uottawa.ca!news
- From: cbbrowne@csi.uottawa.ca (Christopher Browne)
- Subject: Re: DEBT vs. DEFICIT
- Message-ID: <1992Aug23.000508.16237@csi.uottawa.ca>
- Sender: news@csi.uottawa.ca
- Nntp-Posting-Host: prgv
- Organization: Dept. of Computer Science, University of Ottawa
- References: <whitlock.76.0@vaxb.gbus.virginia.edu>
- Date: Sun, 23 Aug 92 00:05:08 GMT
- Lines: 61
-
- In article <whitlock.76.0@vaxb.gbus.virginia.edu> whitlock@vaxb.gbus.virginia.edu (Reid E. Whitlock) writes:
- >Can someone explain to me the difference between the U.S. "national debt"
- >and the "budget deficit". If I use the analogy of a checkbook, I understand
- >the deficit to be the difference between making a deposit of my salary check
- >into my checking account, then writing checks for my daily expenses. The
- >parallel is the revenue put in the treasury from tax, tariff and other
- >collections, that is later spent for entitlements, social programs, disaster
- >relief, the overhead of running the government, defense procurement, etc...
- >O.K. at the end of the year, more goes out than has come in. That's the
- >deficit, right ? Then is the debt simply the accumulated deficit? If there
- >were ever a budget surplus, would it automatically be used to pay down the
- >debt?
-
- Your understanding is pretty good... The debt IS the accumulated
- deficit. A deficit results in the debt increasing, and (presumably -
- we've never seen it happen in North America :-)) a surplus would be
- used to pay down the debt.
-
- This being said, you use the word "automatically," which is certainly
- not the appropriate word.
-
- We COULD also say that the government NEVER has either a deficit OR a
- surplus, with respect to cash. (This is an obfusticatory statement,
- typical of governments, and is useful for the sake of argument here.)
-
- Strictly speaking, a cash deficit would result in the reduction of
- cash reserves, and a surplus would result in an increase in cash
- reserves. As I'm sure you're well aware, there is no significant
- amount of "cash reserves." All there is is a set of debts. Thus,
- there is neither a cash deficit nor a cash surplus.
-
- Some department (in Canada, it's the Department of Finance, with some
- responsibilities held by the Department of Supply and Services - I'm
- not certain of the US equivalent) is charged with dealing with the
- government's cash. Any time that extra cash is required (because of a
- deficit of revenues over expenditures, or when they have to pay off
- some old bonds), they do some sort of bond issue. This process is
- hardly "automatic" - there are probably dozens/hundreds/thousands of
- people employed in making this happen.
-
- At the end of the year, the amount of cash that went out is really
- quite close to the amount of money that came in, because of the
- issuance/repayment of debt.
-
- If there were a cash "surplus," then one of two things are likely to
- happen (and guess which is more likely?):
-
- (a) Various branches of government would find "worthwhile" programs on
- which to spend this windfall.
-
- (b) Some of the debt that comes due would not be reissued. When $75
- billion in T-Bills came due, they might pay out the $75B, and only
- issue $20B in new T-Bills.
-
- Option (b) has seldom been seen...
-
- --
- Christopher Browne
- cbbrowne@csi.uottawa.ca
- University of Ottawa
- Master of System Science Program
-