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- From: thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu (T. Scott Thompson)
- Subject: Re: Free Trade or Comparative Advantage
- Message-ID: <thompson.713822784@pluto.econ.umn.edu>
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- Organization: University of Minnesota
- References: <9208140247.AA13878@lenny.kaman.com> <1992Aug14.155925.4354@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
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- Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1992 20:06:24 GMT
- Lines: 36
-
- jlacey@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (james.w.lacey) writes:
-
- >Using Ricardo's example, here is a dynamic wrinkle...
-
- >If we assume that free trade and comparative advantage is operational,
- >the per-capita income and demand for both goods of both countries increase.
- >If we may consider wine a food item, Engel's law states that
- >the proportion a consumer's income going to food decreases with
- >income. As England's per-capita income doubled, its consumption
- >of wine would increase, but less than double. Manufactured items
- >like cloth are less likely to follow the Engel pattern, thus
- >Portugal's demand for cloth should double if per-capital income
- >doubles. Real world data seems to show that because of declining demand
- >for food, and for primary products in general, there exits
- >declining terms of trade between industrial focused and agriculturally
- >focused countries (with the decline harming the agricultural).
-
- You can introduce Engel's Law into a static model. No dynamics are
- needed. The case for free trade in a Ricardian model is independent
- of the specific pattern of demand for goods. In the Ricardian model
- free trade raises national income unambiguously. Thus each country
- can continue to consume exactly as much of each good as before free
- trade, and more if they wish.
-
- The argument that terms of trade move in a secular fashion against
- primary commodities (hence against developing countries) is not new.
- It is commonly known as the "Prebisch Hypothesis" and rests on some
- questionable assumptions about how technological change is distributed
- internationally. (By "questionable" I mean "unverified".) It is also
- not clear whether the declining terms of trade are a real empirical
- phenomena. It depends on the time period that you look at.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- T. Scott Thompson thompson@atlas.socsci.umn.edu
- Department of Economics
- University of Minnesota
-