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- From: nyxfer%panix.com@MIZZOU1.missouri.edu (N.Y. Transfer)
- Subject: Dominican Union Leader on Labor Struggles
- Message-ID: <1992Aug22.200004.28832@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
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- Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1992 20:00:04 GMT
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- Via The NY Transfer News Service ~ All the News that Doesn't Fit
-
- Dominican Labor Leader on Union Struggles
-
- By Veronica Golos
- New York
-
- On July 24, Secretary General Mayra Jimenez of the United
- Federation of Workers in the Free Zones in the Dominican Republic
- spoke here at the headquarters of health and hospital workers'
- union Local 1199.
-
- Jimenez is fighting for the rights and dignity of workers in the
- "zona franca" or Free Zone. Free trade zones were set up in the
- Dominican Republic in the 1970s, under the auspices of the
- International Monetary Fund. Jimenez explained that previously
- "our role was to supply the world market with sugar, coffee,
- cocoa and tobacco. Now, with the Tax Free Zone, we supply cheap
- labor which guarantees high capital gain.
-
- "This not only keeps low wages and pitiful working conditions in
- the Dominican Republic but also affects the conditions of workers
- of developed nations that originate the capital investment in our
- countries," she said.
-
- Today there are 400 companies and 140,000 jobs in 23 tax-free
- industrial complexes. The zones' development has shifted the
- economy away from the sugar cane industry.
-
- Seventy percent of workers in the Tax Free Zone are women. Thirty
- percent are from rural areas. These women's wages are 14 times
- lower than what is paid for the same jobs in the United States.
- The minimum wage in the Dominican Republic for private companies
- is equal to 100 dollars a month -- a twentieth of what a worker in
- the U.S. would earn.
-
- "As in other aspects of our society," Jimenez explained, "women
- are the object of discrimination in the Tax Free Zones, although
- they constitute the majority of the workers. Pregnant women are
- denied jobs; and if they become pregnant while on the job, they
- are laid off." In addition, for women who have children already,
- there are no child-care facilities in the zones. Mothers have to
- pay for child care -- frequently, a third of their salaries.
-
- "In order to go to the bathroom," Jimenez said, "women get
- tickets from the boss. You're allotted three chances a day."
-
- But Jimenez said: "The most serious problem is sexual harassment.
- Anyone who has authority over a woman employee feels he has the
- right to sexual favors."
-
- Terrible working conditions
-
- Low wages, long hours, companies evading payments for health care
- and refusing to follow health and safety regulations -- all add up
- to terrible working conditions in the Tax Free Zones. Repression
- is constant, and companies circulate a "black list". The nature
- and intensity of work makes it difficult for workers to organize,
- as does the lack of resources and transportation. Because of
- this, unions in the zones organize through the community.
-
- Organizers had to battle the companies' fear tactics, as well as
- specific sexual harassment of women organizers by supervisors and
- management. For example, in June 1987 near San Pedro de Macoris,
- a manager kicked a pregnant worker. Twenty thousand workers
- marched demanding respect for human rights, an end to layoffs,
- and to have the boss pay for his crime. The case is still in
- court.
-
- These are the conditions that have led to continued union
- organizing by such people as Mayra Jimenez. When she was only 20
- years old, Jimenez had already been working in the Tax Free Zones
- five years before she became an organizer.
-
- Because of efforts like hers, today there are 20 labor unions in
- the eastern part of the Dominican Republic, 14 in San Pedro de
- Marcoris, and six in La Romana. "Even though we have accomplished
- a great deal," Jimenez explained, "the companies continue the
- practice of massive layoffs of workers who want to organize. We
- have an average of 25 layoffs daily."
-
- Organizing in the Free Tax Zones began in earnest in 1987 when
- the country was almost sanctioned for violating workers' right to
- organize unions and for violations of human rights. "The
- government had to permit the organization of labor unions in the
- zones. It was an admission that in fact we were right -- workers
- were denied the right to organize in the Tax Free Zones," said
- Jimenez.
-
- "It is necessary that we organize the workers from the Zones so
- that they obtain better working conditions. The companies will
- have to realize their obligations and learn to live with it,"
- Jimenez concluded.
-
- -30-
-
- (Copyright Workers World Service: Permission to reprint granted
- if source is cited. For more info contact Workers World,46 W. 21
- St., New York, NY 10010; "workers@igc.apc.org".)
-
- -----
- NY Transfer News Service
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