home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!dtix!darwin.sura.net!ukma!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!daemon
- From: nyxfer%panix.com@MIZZOU1.missouri.edu (N.Y. Transfer)
- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Subject: Behind the Catastrophic Famine in Somalia
- Message-ID: <1992Aug21.211729.16358@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Date: 21 Aug 92 21:17:29 GMT
- Sender: news@mont.cs.missouri.edu
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Organization: ?
- Lines: 135
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Originator: daemon@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Resent-From: "Rich Winkel" <MATHRICH@MIZZOU1.missouri.edu>
-
-
-
- Via The NY Transfer News Service ~ All the News that Doesn't Fit
-
- Behind the Catastrophic Famine in Somalia
-
- By Deirdre Griswold
-
- The roots of the current famine and chaos in Somalia go back to
- 1977, when President Siad Barre was persuaded by the U.S. and
- Saudi Arabia to invade Ethiopia.
-
- Today we read horror stories about the starvation and violence in
- Somalia. U.S. troops have been sent to the area -- yes, U.S. troops
- on the move once again -- to dispense emergency food aid. Couldn't
- this be done by civilian personnel? Oh no, explain the willing
- mouthpieces for the Pentagon, things have gotten so far out of
- hand, there are so many heavily armed warlords on the loose, that
- only military forces can do the job.
-
- The number facing starvation is anybody's guess, but the figures
- thrown out range from 1 to 4 million in a country of only 8
- million.
-
- Failure to understand what lies behind this stupendous calamity
- will only doom everyone to see it repeated again and again. No
- amount of last-minute, grudging relief supplies from imperialist
- countries that sit on millions of tons of surplus food can make
- up for the years of manipulation, exploitation and then callous
- neglect that brought Somalia to such straits.
-
- Didn't happen overnight
-
- In Somalia a whole country has been rendered destitute, sunken in
- anarchy and dependent on imperialist charity. But this didn't
- happen overnight. Nor is it just the result of drought.
-
- Of course, every formerly colonized country bears deep scars from
- that inhuman period, which so enriched the colonizers and so
- impoverished their "subjects." Somalia was split between the
- British, Italians and French from 1840 to 1960 But the present
- catastrophe arises particularly out of events since 1960.
-
- When Somalia became politically independent, a government was
- formed led mainly by people trained by the former colonialists.
- There were high hopes that the relationship with the developed
- imperialist West would at last facilitate modernization. But
- these hopes proved illusory.
-
- This regime was overthrown in 1966 by a group led by Siad Barre,
- who espoused revolutionary socialism and aspired to develop the
- country. He sent envoys to Moscow and other countries in the
- socialist bloc and got some development assistance.
-
- Relations with Ethiopia
-
- Neighboring Ethiopia was still under feudal rule at that time.
- Emperor Haile Selassie, a long-time ally of the U.S., had built
- up one of the most powerful armies in Africa with military
- assistance from Washington. Somalia, which had a territorial
- dispute with Ethiopia, began to expand its army with Soviet help.
-
- But then, in 1974, the feudal regime in Ethiopia fell apart. The
- military took over from the feudal Crown Council as peasants
- began seizing land and workers and students demonstrated in the
- streets. The revolution in Ethiopia deepened. By 1975, all land
- had been nationalized. Marxist junior officers ousted the more
- conservative generals and nationalized the banks, factories and
- extra houses. The power of the feudo-bourgeois class was broken.
-
- The chance now existed for cooperation between Ethiopia and
- Somalia on an anti-imperialist, socialist basis. Both were
- extremely poor countries, trying to pull themselves up by their
- bootstraps. Somali-speaking nomadic peoples moved back and forth
- over the border with their cattle in the vast plains area called
- the Ogaden.
-
- A road not taken
-
- In fact, in 1977 Cuba's Fidel Castro went to South Yemen, where
- he met with Ethiopia's Mengistu Haile Mariam and Siad Barre and
- urged the three countries to join in a progressive federation.
- But Siad Barre balked.
-
- Within months, his army had invaded Ethiopia.
-
- The capitalist media explain it all on the basis of intractable
- nationalism. But there was another reason. Somalia had been
- offered what must have seemed like the deal of a lifetime. The
- Carter administration signaled Siad Barre it would support a
- Somali attack on Ethiopia with arms and money. The editor of
- Newsweek, Arnaud de Borchgrave, let the cat out of the bag on
- Sept. 26, 1977, when he wrote, "The Somalis claim that they began
- their all-out invasion of Ethiopia's Ogaden region last July
- because of the prospect of U.S. arms aid -- and because they had
- received a secret U.S. message which they interpreted as a
- go-ahead to conquer the area."
-
- Then Saudi Arabia, Washington's trusty paymaster, offered Somalia
- $500 million in aid -- the equivalent of two years' gross national
- product.
-
- Thus it was that the Somali army, whose remnants are now reported
- to be terrorizing starving civilians, was built into a big war
- machine. The invasion was finally thrown back early in 1978, but
- for years there were border skirmishes -- and enough money kept
- coming from Washington to nourish a hefty military and civilian
- bureaucracy.
-
- Last year, however, the long campaign of the imperialists and
- reactionaries to overthrow the Ethiopian revolutionary regime
- finally succeeded. And suddenly Somalia was of little interest to
- Washington anymore. Siad Barre was overthrown, and the army,
- without a program for resolving the massive social problems
- caused by colonial and neocolonial underdevelopment, fragmented
- into warring bands.
-
- United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali accused
- the Security Council members -- particularly Britain, the former
- colonial power in both Somalia and Egypt, Boutros-Ghali's
- home -- of totally ignoring the "poor man's war" in Somalia for the
- "rich man's war" in Yugoslavia. Had it not been for his public
- rebuke, it is doubtful that even the minimal, eleventh-hour food
- aid now being dropped into a few villages in Somalia would have
- materialized.
-
- -30-
-
- (Copyright Workers World Service: Permission to reprint granted
- if source is cited. For more info contact Workers World,46 W. 21
- St., New York, NY 10010; "workers@igc.apc.org".)
-
- -----
- NY Transfer News Service
- Modem: 718-448-2358 nytransfer@igc.org nyxfer@panix.com
-