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- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Path: sparky!uunet!gumby!wupost!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!daemon
- From: harelb@math.cornell.edu (Harel Barzilai)
- Subject: "Sandinista Mismanagement": Somoza's Legacy
- Message-ID: <1992Aug19.225234.10451@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Originator: daemon@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Sender: news@mont.cs.missouri.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Organization: misc.activism.progressive on UseNet ; ACTIV-L@UMCVMB
- Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 22:52:34 GMT
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Lines: 115
-
-
- "When the Sandinista leaders entered the capital, Managua, they [..]
- faced tremendous problems. 50,000 people had been killed and 100,000
- wounded in the revolutionary war. Before fleeing the country, Somoza
- had bombed schools, hospitals, factories, and housing.
-
- "Somoza had looted the national treasure and left the country with
- one of the world's highest per capita debts
-
- [Oxfam fails to add that the Sandinista government upon coming into
- power actually declared it would honor the debts the U.S.-backed
- dictator Somoza created]
-
- ******************************************************************
-
- [From Oxfam America's 83/84 report (see bottom):]
-
- "Sandino was reluctant to see his country under Somoza's control and
- refused to lay down his arms. Immediately after the departure of the
- U.S. occupation force, Somoza arranged Sandino's assassination. With
- this bloody act the long reign of the Somoza family began.
-
- The National Guard quickly became the personal army of the Somozas.
- With political power came economic power, passed on from father to
- sons. The family came to own a quarter of Nicaragua's land, plus
- banks, ports, newspapers, airlines, a shipping fleet, and many
- industries. One of them was a plasma corporation that exported the
- blood of the country's poor. In 1979, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, son of
- the original dictator, was estimated to be the ninth richest man in
- the world.
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- [ Two Photos: "The Ramas are one of three Indian groups living
- near Nicaragua's Atlantic coast. They were displaced from their
- land during the Somozas' rule and now live on an offshore
- island. A government grant of a large tract of land will now
- allow those who wish to return to the mainland to do so" ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- The incredible greed and corruption of the Somozas alienated even
- their fellow landowners and businessmen, who could not get what they
- thought was their fair share of wealth and political influence under
- Somoza's system. Simmering resentment of Somoza reached a boiling
- point in the after-math of the 1972 earth-quake, when funds intended
- for relief were channeled into the hands of Somoza and his associates.
- During the 1960's and 1970's, a new revolutionary movement developed
- in Nicaragua. Its deepest roots were in the countryside, where
- Catholic clergy and lay workers had been helping peasants organize for
- higher wages and an end to evictions from the land. They were aided by
- the Sandinista Liberation Front (FSLN), founded in 1961. Although the
- peasants' protests were peaceful, they were brutally suppressed by
- Somoza's National Guard. When even parish priests were killed for
- teaching that poverty was not the will of God, the peasants took up
- arms in self-defense.
-
- Between 1977 and 1979, the peasant-based resistance became a full-scale
- armed rebellion. The Sandinistas were the leaders of this broad
- revolutionary movement which included workers, students,
- professionals, clergy, and businessmen. By July, 1979, it was clear
- that the uprising could not be put down, and the U.S. government
- arranged for the departure of Somoza to Miami.
-
- Reconstruction Begins
- =====================
-
- When the Sandinista leaders entered the capital, Managua, they were
- greeted with jubilation. They now had the responsibility of governing,
- but they faced tremendous problems. 50,000 people had been killed and
- 100,000 wounded in the revolutionary war. Before fleeing the country,
- Somoza had bombed schools, hospitals, factories, and housing.
-
- Somoza had looted the national treasure and left the country with one
- of the world's highest per capita debts. The economy was stunted by
- decades of development that favored the rich. It was further battered
- by soaring energy costs and falling world prices for export crops.
-
- The Sandinista's approach to rebuilding their country was a pragmatic
- one, conditioned more by Nicaraguan reality than by any predetermined
- ideology. As a result, their economic program has both conservative
- and radical aspects. On the one hand, no attempt has been made to
- nationalize the economy on a large scale. About 70% of business,
- industry, and agriculture remins in private hands. On the other hand,
- minimum wage laws, food price supports, and a ceiling on land rents
- help protect the poor from exploitation, and the government directs
- most of its resources toward meeting their needs.
-
- [...]
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