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- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!rich
- From: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu (Rich Winkel)
- Subject: Philippines: How "The Battle for the Bases" Was Won
- Message-ID: <1992Aug13.231614.20803@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Originator: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
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- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Organization: PACH
- Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 23:16:14 GMT
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Lines: 91
-
- /** reg.philippine: 188.0 **/
- ** Topic: Battle for the Bases **
- ** Written 6:25 pm Aug 12, 1992 by fbp in cdp:reg.philippine **
- From: Foreign Bases Project <fbp>
- Subject: Battle for the Bases
-
- /* Written 6:19 pm Aug 12, 1992 by fbp in cdp:wri.news */
- /* ---------- "Disarm the Pacific" ---------- */
- Philippines: How "The Battle for the Bases" Was Won
-
- September 16, 1991 marked a great political victory for the
- Philippine anti-bases, anti-nuclear movement in an arena that is
- not traditionally its own. Just how could it be possible for a
- traditionally pro-U.S., conservative body like the Philippine
- Senate to reject the bases treaty of extension?
- The anti-bases, anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines has
- always taken the view that the nuclear arms race has to be linked
- to the issue of foreign military intervention or occupation. This
- is why we have long supported and closely identified ourselves
- with the Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific (NFIP) Movement.
- For decades the U.S. had transformed the islands into its
- physical, political and psychological stronghold in the western
- Pacific. Its sprawling military bases in the Philippines operated
- in an unhampered manner, free from the Constitution, customs,
- immigration and labor laws.
- The Philippines bases were used as forward bases for
- intervention, standby storage and launching sites for nuclear
- weapons, landing fields for nuclear bombers and fighter planes,
- ports for nuclear-armed aircraft carriers, surface ships and
- submarines and most importantly the vital C3I network.
- The U.S. had been looked up to as the standard-bearer of the
- free world and democracy. This view was shattered when Ferdinand
- Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972 and dismantled
- the democratic political institutions that the U.S. had
- introduced to the Philippines. Many Filipinos, including most of
- the Senators elected in 1987, could not understand how and why
- the U.S. could support a dictatorship. The U.S. doubled and
- tripled its military aid for the martial law government, thus
- enabling Marcos to expand his military forces from 60,000 in 1972
- to 250,000 in 1985. U.S. support for Marcos angered the Filipino
- people who were its victims, and the anti-bases movement fully
- exploited this reality.
- On February 2, 1987 we made a breakthrough. The Filipino
- people voted for a pro-peace and nuclear weapons-free
- Constitution. After continuous lobbying and educational campaigns
- by the anti-nuclear movement, a Constitutional provision was
- incorporated which read: "The Philippines, consistent with the
- national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from
- nuclear weapons in its territory."
- In the first few months after the nuclear weapons-free
- provision was ratified, nuclear-free awareness and consciousness
- spread like wildfire over the island. In 19 provinces and 36
- cities and municipalities covering almost 34 percent of the
- population, local governments officially declared themselves as
- nuclear weapons-free zones. The Philippine anti-nuclear movement
- began to grow by leaps and bounds conducting campaigns to
- highlight the dangers of nuclear weapons.
- At first not all anti-nuclear advocates inside or outside of
- government were anti-bases. It was actually the Americans who
- reconciled the two, making anti-nuclear pacifists into anti-bases
- advocates. Everyone knew that the U.S. Navy regularly transported
- and always had on "standby storage" tactical nuclear weapons in
- their massive logistical depots. The Americans refused to give up
- their nuclear access and threatened to give up their bases and
- facilities which stored or allowed their transit and
- trans-shipment if forced to do so. The day of reckoning neared.
- [Mt. Pinatubo made Clark Air Force base useless and the U.S. and
- Philippine governments reached agreement on a ten year extension
- of Subic naval base's stay.] Then last December 31, 1991, the
- government of the Philippines finally decided, in implementing
- the Senate's rejection of the one-sided bases treaty and in
- conformity with the Constitution, to give the U.S. government a
- year to complete its military withdrawal from the Philippines.
- --Prof. Roland G. Simbulan
- Chairperson Nuclear Free Philippines Coalition (NFPC)
-
- Contact: NFPC, Room 511 J & T Bldg., 3894 R. Magsaysay Blvd.,
- Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines
-
- ****
- From September/October 1992 (Vol.9 #5) issue of the Nonviolent
- Activist, publication of the War Resisters League, 339 Lafayette
- St., New York, NY 10012. Subscriptions $15/year.
-
- This is an edited version of a talk from the Pacific People's
- Forum Toward a Century Free of Overseas Bases, Yokohama, Japan,
- May 3-4, 1992. For information in the U.S., contact Pacific
- Campaign to Disarm the Seas, c/o Peace Resource Center, 5717
- Lindo Paseo, San Diego, CA 92115-1326; prcsandiego@igc.org.
- ** End of text from cdp:reg.philippine **
-
-