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- Path: sparky!uunet!munnari.oz.au!samsung!transfer!ceylon!asylum!rs05
- From: rs05@gte.com (Russ Sasnett)
- Newsgroups: comp.multimedia
- Subject: Re: lip sync
- Message-ID: <1113@ceylon.gte.com>
- Date: 13 Aug 92 15:15:55 GMT
- Sender: news@ceylon.gte.com
- Organization: GTE Laboratories, Waltham, MA
- Lines: 47
-
- speaking as a filmmaker in a former life, i've found
- that a professional film editor knows when something
- is even 1 frame out of sync (that's at 24 fps for film).
-
- in my experience, a general audience can't tell the
- difference at 1 frame out; they may sense something is wrong
- at 2 frames out, but don't know quite what; and at 3 or more
- frames out, everybody seems to know what's wrong.
-
- on a 16mm film projector, the optical sound track is ahead
- of the picture by some number of frames; the advance is 20
- for 35mm, i'm not sure about 16mm. this is because the film
- must be travelling at a constant velocity when it goes over
- the audio playback head, but the film must be held still for
- picture projection. every 1/48 of second the projector's
- shutter opens and displays a frame frozen in the gate. then
- the shutter closes and the film advances to the next frame
- during the following 1/48 of a second, while the screen is black.
- several spring-loaded rollers help to smooth out the jitter
- in the film's velocity before it hits the sound head.
-
- note that there must be exactly 20 frames between the gate and
- the sound pickup to play synchronized sound. when threading, the
- size of the bottom loop is the most critical factor. if the loop
- is too small, the sound is early; if the loop is too big, the sound
- is late. thanks to armies of amateur operators, whole generations
- of elementary school students have grown up watching 16mm films
- out of sync for this very reason. perhaps this explains a certain
- insensitivity to this problem among general audiences ... :)
-
- as to whether early or late makes a difference, i'm told
- that being early with sound is much worse than being late;
- and logically that would seem to make sense; but in my
- experience it didn't matter. i have known experts who could
- tell pretty quickly whether sound was ahead or behind of
- the pix, but most people don't have a clue about the
- direction of the delay when it's under 1/2 second. i know
- i didn't; i always had a tough time syncing up wild tracks
- where there was no slate. back and forth, back and forth
- i'd go ...
-
- try editing film on a Steenbeck flatbed some time. since you
- have separate sound and picture tracks, it's real easy to
- slip frames back and forth to experience the effect.
-
- --Russ
- rs05@gte.com
-